﻿c 
  

  

  iSgO.] 
  BOTANICAL 
  GAZETTE. 
  295 
  

  

  grades: 
  30 
  %, 
  50 
  %, 
  70 
  % 
  , 
  82 
  %, 
  95 
  %• 
  If 
  balsam 
  mounts 
  

   are 
  desired 
  they 
  are 
  transferred 
  to 
  absolute 
  alcohol, 
  cleared** 
  

   and 
  mounted, 
  

  

  I 
  can 
  highl}^ 
  recommend 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  phenol 
  as 
  a 
  clearing 
  

   medium, 
  since 
  it 
  clears 
  after 
  low 
  grades 
  of 
  alcohol. 
  Dr. 
  

   Bergonzini^ 
  transfers 
  sections 
  from 
  aqueous 
  stains 
  directly 
  

   to 
  phenol 
  which 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  balsam. 
  I 
  have 
  used 
  a 
  mix- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  bergamot 
  oil 
  and 
  phenol 
  equal 
  parts 
  with 
  excellent 
  

   results. 
  Creosote 
  and 
  oil 
  of 
  cloves 
  dissolve 
  celloidin 
  but 
  

   clear 
  well. 
  The 
  sections 
  may 
  be 
  transferred 
  to 
  a 
  watch 
  crys- 
  

   tal 
  tilled 
  with 
  the 
  clearing 
  medium. 
  Atter 
  clearing 
  they 
  are 
  

   arranged 
  on 
  the 
  slide 
  and 
  the 
  balsam 
  applied. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  object 
  can 
  be 
  stained 
  m 
  toto, 
  which 
  is 
  often 
  the 
  

   ase, 
  much 
  time 
  may 
  be 
  saved 
  by 
  the 
  following 
  method 
  : 
  

   The 
  stained 
  object 
  is 
  imbedded 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  manner, 
  but 
  after 
  

   hardening 
  in 
  chloroform, 
  and 
  removing 
  the 
  paper, 
  the 
  cel- 
  

   loidin 
  block 
  is 
  transferred 
  to 
  95 
  % 
  alcohol 
  for 
  twenty-four 
  

   hours 
  then 
  to 
  carbolic 
  acid, 
  bergamot 
  oil 
  or 
  glycerine 
  in 
  

   which 
  it 
  becomes 
  as 
  transparent 
  as 
  glass.'" 
  The 
  block 
  is 
  

   nxed 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  manner. 
  

  

  9nenting 
  is 
  now 
  accomplished 
  with 
  the 
  greatest 
  ease. 
  In 
  

   cutting, 
  the 
  knife 
  is 
  wet 
  with 
  the 
  clearing 
  medium. 
  The 
  

   sections 
  may 
  be 
  arranged 
  in 
  serial 
  order 
  on 
  the 
  knife 
  blade 
  

   until 
  a 
  slide 
  full 
  is 
  obtained, 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  transferred, 
  bal- 
  

   sam 
  applied, 
  and 
  mounted. 
  Bv 
  this 
  method 
  long 
  series" 
  are 
  

   handled 
  with 
  ease. 
  Glycerine^is 
  used 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  mount- 
  

   ing 
  medium 
  is 
  glycerine 
  or 
  glycerine-jellv. 
  Since 
  these 
  are 
  

   used 
  quite 
  extensively 
  the 
  method 
  may 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  value. 
  

  

  The 
  blocks 
  may 
  be 
  preserved 
  for 
  an 
  indefinite 
  time 
  m 
  

   alcohol, 
  bergamot 
  oil, 
  carbolic 
  acid, 
  glycerine, 
  etc. 
  It 
  is 
  

   ^l^f^^J^esirable 
  to 
  mark 
  the 
  blocks 
  for 
  future 
  refe^nce. 
  The 
  

  

  8Weigert(Zelt. 
  f. 
  wiss. 
  Mlkr., 
  p. 
  430, 
  1886) 
  uses 
  a 
  mixture 
  of 
  three 
  parts 
  xylol 
  and 
  one 
  part 
  

   Lr, 
  /""■ 
  clearing 
  sections 
  suiLxed 
  with 
  h^i^matoxylln 
  or 
  carmine. 
  Aniline 
  stains 
  are 
  

   eri?o 
  /*^ 
  ^^ 
  ^'^ 
  "^«- 
  Unna 
  (Jour. 
  Roy. 
  Microscopical 
  Soc. 
  p. 
  518, 
  1887,) 
  states 
  that 
  g 
  yc- 
  

   ne 
  and 
  carbolic 
  acid 
  quickly 
  aa 
  i 
  permanentlv 
  extract 
  all 
  basic 
  aniline 
  dyes. 
  Martln- 
  

   catP 
  7 
  • 
  • 
  '^'''- 
  ^^"^^- 
  P- 
  153. 
  1887) 
  cautions 
  against 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  xylol 
  .since 
  it 
  destroys 
  dell- 
  

   49-51 
  l'^^-'"'''"' 
  '"'''' 
  "' 
  l^aryokinetic 
  figures. 
  J. 
  Van 
  Gieson 
  (Am 
  Month. 
  Micro. 
  Jour., 
  p. 
  

   '188/) 
  Claims 
  that 
  the 
  only 
  satisfactory 
  clarifler 
  is 
  oil 
  of 
  Origanum. 
  

  

  ^LoSpallanzoni, 
  p. 
  196, 
  1883. 
  

   albumen^ 
  "^"^o-^ 
  o^ 
  clearing 
  in 
  mass 
  is 
  advised 
  by 
  Selenka 
  (Zool. 
  Anz., 
  p. 
  130, 
  1878) 
  for 
  

  

  ordp" 
  ^;?- 
  ^^""^^ons 
  (Micro.scope. 
  p. 
  73, 
  18S7) 
  gives 
  a 
  method 
  of 
  fixing 
  sections 
  in 
  serial 
  

   DljA', 
  ^^^y 
  are 
  cut 
  and 
  arranged 
  on 
  the 
  slide 
  in 
  the 
  desired 
  position. 
  95^ 
  alcohol 
  is 
  ap- 
  

   to 
  wh 
  ; 
  * 
  ^^^ 
  ^^iiites 
  then 
  drawn 
  off. 
  Sulphuric 
  ether 
  vapor 
  is 
  poured 
  over 
  the 
  sections 
  

   ensthf 
  I 
  '^ 
  immediately 
  soften. 
  They 
  are 
  now 
  transferred 
  to 
  80 
  ^ 
  alc°\«l 
  ;^'^''''' 
  !l"„; 
  

   akoho, 
  ''^"' 
  ^^^t^i^i^B 
  them 
  in 
  position, 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  run 
  through 
  the 
  grades 
  of 
  

  

  ' 
  ^''liaed, 
  dehydrated, 
  cleared 
  and 
  mounted. 
  

  

  