﻿342 
  BOTANicAi. 
  GAZETTE, 
  [December, 
  

  

  served 
  so 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  show 
  the 
  habit 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  but 
  also 
  that 
  they 
  

   may 
  be 
  easily 
  handled 
  for 
  examination. 
  The 
  time 
  is 
  long 
  past 
  when 
  

   botanists 
  are 
  content 
  with 
  mere 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  flower, 
  

   the 
  fruit, 
  etc. 
  The 
  interior 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  whole 
  plant 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  in 
  these 
  days, 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  think 
  it 
  necessary 
  to 
  recall 
  the 
  invaluable 
  

   researches 
  by 
  Vesque, 
  Eadlkofer 
  and 
  several 
  others, 
  who 
  have 
  shown 
  us 
  

   the 
  anatomical 
  characters 
  of 
  plants. 
  But 
  in 
  the 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   herbaria 
  are 
  preserved 
  in 
  our 
  country, 
  the 
  specimens 
  are 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  used 
  

   for 
  such 
  a 
  purpose. 
  All 
  the 
  specimens 
  in 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Herbarium 
  in 
  

   the 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  are 
  mounted 
  on 
  sheets 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  manner 
  

   that 
  the 
  entire 
  specimen 
  has 
  been 
  glued 
  and 
  fastened 
  to 
  the 
  paper. 
  Hence 
  

   the 
  specimen 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  paper 
  without 
  being 
  broken, 
  

   and 
  ]t 
  is 
  very 
  clear 
  that 
  flowers 
  with 
  large 
  petals 
  and 
  stamens 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  

   exammed. 
  ^ 
  For 
  anatomical 
  studies 
  these 
  specimens 
  have 
  lost 
  the 
  greatest 
  

   part 
  of 
  their 
  value; 
  the 
  covering 
  of 
  glands 
  or 
  hairs 
  is 
  disturbed 
  by 
  thi& 
  

   method 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  stems 
  and 
  leaves 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  removed 
  without 
  being 
  

   broken 
  mto 
  pieces. 
  And 
  how 
  about 
  clusters 
  of 
  small 
  flowers 
  which 
  we 
  

   might 
  want 
  to 
  examine 
  ? 
  These 
  are 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  to 
  be 
  removed. 
  Might 
  it 
  

   not 
  be 
  time 
  now 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  change 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  preservation 
  of 
  spec- 
  

   imens? 
  Unfortunately, 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  heard, 
  this 
  manner 
  of 
  preservation 
  ha* 
  

   been 
  used 
  m 
  museums 
  where 
  the 
  greatest 
  collections 
  are 
  deposited. 
  The 
  

   new 
  or 
  rather 
  very 
  old 
  and 
  well-known 
  method, 
  which 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  recom- 
  

   mended, 
  is 
  to 
  mount 
  the 
  specimens 
  with 
  glued 
  paper 
  strips, 
  which 
  can 
  

   easily 
  be 
  taken 
  oS'so 
  that 
  the 
  plant 
  can 
  be 
  examined 
  freelv 
  in 
  the 
  hand, 
  

   ami 
  parts 
  cut 
  off 
  which 
  are 
  wanted 
  for 
  examination. 
  This' 
  is 
  the 
  general 
  

   manner 
  of 
  preservation 
  in 
  Europe, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  with 
  great 
  success^ 
  

   Washington, 
  D, 
  C. 
  Theo. 
  Holm. 
  

  

  CURRENT 
  LITERATURE. 
  

  

  Minor 
  :^otices. 
  

  

  IN 
  Anrmls 
  of 
  Botany 
  (vol. 
  iv. 
  no. 
  15. 
  Aug. 
  1890) 
  Dr. 
  F. 
  W. 
  Oliver 
  ha* 
  

   given 
  an 
  excellent 
  anatomical 
  8tudy 
  of 
  Sarcodes 
  sanguinea, 
  accompanied 
  

   by 
  four 
  double 
  plates 
  illustrating 
  anatomical 
  details, 
  and 
  a 
  fifth 
  very 
  large 
  

   one 
  showmg 
  the 
  whole 
  plant 
  with 
  its 
  coloration. 
  Of 
  course 
  any 
  member 
  

   of 
  the 
  Monotropese 
  ia 
  worthy 
  of 
  careful 
  study, 
  both 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  habit 
  of 
  

   growth 
  and 
  affinities. 
  Naturally, 
  interest 
  somewhat 
  centers 
  about 
  the 
  

   root 
  structures, 
  for 
  the 
  plant 
  proves 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  saprophyte 
  or. 
  humus-plant- 
  

   ihe 
  roots 
  are 
  everywhere 
  invested 
  in 
  a 
  close-fitting 
  sheath 
  of 
  "fii^ga^ 
  

   mycelmm," 
  well 
  displaying, 
  as 
  in 
  Monotropa, 
  the 
  mycorhiza 
  habit. 
  Prob- 
  

   ably 
  the 
  moat 
  striking 
  statement 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  root 
  structure 
  is 
  that 
  aU 
  

   lateral 
  roots 
  have 
  an 
  exogenous 
  origin! 
  This 
  habit 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  with 
  Pterospora, 
  and 
  the 
  author 
  considers 
  it 
  a 
  special 
  adaptation 
  (J 
  

   perpetuated 
  advantageous 
  variation) 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  a 
  wound 
  

  

  n 
  the 
  cortex 
  may 
  be 
  avoided, 
  thus 
  making 
  the 
  inner 
  tissues 
  less 
  liable 
  to 
  

   ZJ 
  I- 
  Vt^ 
  "mycorhiza 
  fungus 
  (although 
  Monotropa, 
  with 
  the 
  sam 
  

   mycorhiza 
  habit, 
  has 
  the 
  usual 
  endogenous 
  branching). 
  The 
  stem,leave^^ 
  

  

  he 
  r:!?.? 
  ^f_ 
  '1 
  ^^^ 
  fl--« 
  - 
  also 
  considered. 
  The 
  developmeat 
  j 
  

  

  reproductiv 
  

  

  V^at^^ 
  t 
  n 
  1 
  v>t..^xvo 
  ui 
  uit; 
  emoryo 
  sac 
  is 
  simiia-r 
  lu 
  

  

  been 
  fully 
  described 
  by 
  Strasburger 
  and 
  Koch 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  

  

  J 
  I 
  

  

  r 
  

  

  