﻿iSpO-J 
  BOTANICAL 
  GAZETTE. 
  

  

  345 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Theo. 
  Holm, 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  would 
  like 
  to 
  secure, 
  

   for 
  germmation, 
  any 
  seeds 
  of 
  North 
  American 
  perennial 
  plants. 
  Seeds 
  of 
  

   liurmannia, 
  Mayaca 
  and 
  Xyris 
  are 
  particularly 
  desired. 
  

  

  The 
  Botanical 
  Society 
  of 
  W. 
  Pennsylvania, 
  situated 
  at 
  Pittsburgh, 
  is 
  

   a 
  very 
  active 
  organization 
  numbering 
  91 
  members. 
  The 
  officers 
  for 
  

   18yO-91 
  are 
  Prof. 
  J. 
  W. 
  Caldwell, 
  president; 
  Prof. 
  J. 
  G. 
  Ogden, 
  secretary; 
  

   and 
  Mr. 
  C. 
  C. 
  Mellor, 
  treasurer. 
  

  

  . 
  The 
  annual 
  report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Botanist 
  of 
  New 
  York, 
  for 
  1889, 
  has 
  

   just 
  appeared. 
  Mr. 
  Peck 
  describes, 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  four 
  plates, 
  37 
  new 
  

   species 
  of 
  fungi. 
  Among 
  them 
  is 
  a 
  new 
  genus 
  of 
  Helvellacese 
  dedicated 
  

   to 
  Professor 
  L. 
  M. 
  Underwood 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  Underwoodia. 
  

  

  I^R-. 
  Byron 
  D. 
  Halsted 
  writes 
  in 
  Ihpular 
  Science 
  Monlhly 
  (December) 
  

   of 
  " 
  Prairie 
  flowers 
  in 
  late 
  autumn." 
  The 
  material 
  for 
  such 
  a 
  paper 
  was 
  

   obtained 
  while 
  the 
  author 
  was 
  botanist 
  at 
  the 
  Iowa 
  Agricultural 
  College. 
  

  

  . 
  The 
  editor 
  of 
  the 
  Scottish 
  Nalundist, 
  Professor 
  J. 
  W. 
  H. 
  Trail, 
  re- 
  

   signed 
  his 
  position 
  with 
  the 
  October 
  number, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  Eagle 
  Clark, 
  

   an 
  ornithologist 
  of 
  Edinburgh, 
  will 
  hereafter 
  conduct 
  the 
  magazine, 
  

   rrofessor 
  Trail 
  has 
  consented, 
  however, 
  to 
  edit 
  the 
  botanical 
  articles. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Erwin 
  F. 
  Smith 
  has 
  made 
  good 
  progress 
  in 
  his 
  investigations 
  of 
  

   peach 
  yellows, 
  and 
  among 
  other 
  important 
  results 
  has 
  demonstrated 
  by 
  

   numerous 
  experiments 
  that 
  the 
  disease 
  can 
  be 
  conveyed 
  to 
  a 
  healthy 
  

   tree 
  by 
  budding. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  his 
  recent 
  studies 
  will 
  be 
  ready 
  for 
  pub- 
  

   lication 
  in 
  a 
  short 
  time. 
  

  

  In 
  his 
  fifth 
  contribution 
  to 
  the 
  life^iistories 
  of 
  plants 
  (reprinted 
  from 
  

   f^roc. 
  Philad. 
  Acad. 
  Sci., 
  Aug. 
  26, 
  1890), 
  Mr. 
  Thomas 
  Meehan 
  speaks 
  of 
  the 
  

   tollowing 
  subjects 
  : 
  anthers 
  of 
  Lappa 
  major; 
  pollination 
  of 
  Crucianella 
  

   styiosa; 
  unisexualitv 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  flowering 
  m 
  wil- 
  

   lows; 
  varying 
  character 
  of 
  dichogamy 
  in 
  flowers 
  of 
  Corylus 
  Avellana; 
  

   aioecKsm 
  in 
  Labiatte; 
  self-fertilizing 
  flowers; 
  male 
  and 
  hermaphrodite 
  

   flowers 
  of 
  ^sculusparviflora; 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  spiral 
  twist 
  in 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   ot 
  the 
  Norway 
  spruce. 
  

  

  M. 
  Henri 
  Ju.melle 
  has 
  determined 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  anesthetics 
  upon 
  

   the 
  transpiration 
  of 
  plants. 
  He 
  finds 
  that 
  a 
  dose 
  which 
  will 
  arrest 
  or 
  

   a;nnnish 
  assimilation 
  in 
  an 
  illuminated 
  plant 
  increases 
  the 
  transpiration 
  

   Of 
  the 
  leaves 
  over 
  the 
  normal; 
  whereas 
  in 
  darkness 
  ether 
  diminished 
  the 
  

  

  ranspi 
  ration. 
  He 
  explains 
  that 
  this 
  discrepancy 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  action 
  ot 
  

   the 
  ether 
  on 
  the 
  chlorophyll 
  bodies 
  themselves. 
  Normally 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   radiant 
  energy 
  absorbed 
  by 
  the 
  chlorophyll 
  bodies 
  is 
  "fed 
  to 
  decoinpcwe 
  

   ^<J2. 
  and 
  part 
  to 
  evaporate 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  chlorophyll 
  bodies, 
  wnen 
  

   anesthetized, 
  however, 
  all 
  the 
  energy 
  is 
  used 
  in 
  producing 
  cholophjlline 
  

   transpiration.— 
  Cf. 
  Rev. 
  gen. 
  de 
  Bot. 
  2, 
  417. 
  

  

  It 
  may 
  now 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  a 
  well-established 
  fact 
  that 
  vegetaUon 
  

   exerts 
  a 
  definite 
  and 
  easily 
  demonstrable 
  drainage 
  action 
  on 
  the 
  »oii. 
  

   ^bermayer's 
  earlier 
  researches 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  more 
  ^:^ter 
  penetrates 
  

   ^he 
  soil 
  of 
  shaded 
  regions 
  than 
  into 
  that 
  of 
  naked 
  fields. 
  By 
  .f 
  .^^ 
  f 
  ce"t 
  

   researches 
  he 
  shows 
  that 
  while 
  the 
  surface 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  na^ 
  forest 
  

   >8 
  moister 
  than 
  open 
  fields, 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  deeper 
  P^lj^^ 
  \^^^'° 
  J^ 
  

   range 
  of 
  the 
  roots*^of 
  the 
  trees, 
  for 
  this 
  is 
  distinctly 
  drier, 
  ^or 
  example^ 
  

   ^ 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  45-50 
  cm. 
  in 
  a 
  fir 
  forest 
  of 
  60-year-old 
  tf^^^he 
  Percent 
  ge 
  

   ot 
  water 
  by 
  weight 
  is 
  15.12 
  as 
  against 
  19.89 
  in 
  naked 
  soil. 
  He 
  has 
  also 
  

   fetermined 
  that 
  in 
  soil 
  covered 
  with 
  voung 
  trees 
  (6 
  years 
  oM 
  ' 
  Jhe 
  lo;^^ 
  

   of 
  water 
  by 
  transpiration 
  is 
  intermediate 
  between 
  that 
  from 
  soil 
  covered 
  

  

  y 
  mosses 
  and 
  that 
  covered 
  by 
  grass. 
  

  

  