No.1.] BUDDING IN GOODSIRIA AND PEROPHORA. 155 
the former ought to be likewise; but two of the Challenger 
species of Goodszria described by Herdman, vzz., G. pedunculata 
and G. placenta, are decidedly pedunculated, while this char- 
racter is as markedly absent from the other known species. 
As we shall see presently, if the structure of the zzdvidual 
zootds and not the form of the colonies is made the basis of 
comparison, the closest ally to our present species is certainly 
found in the genus Goodszria, instead of in the genus Syxstyela. 
I have consequently reached the conclusion that while, so 
far as morphological agreements and disagreements are con- 
cerned, my species might be placed with about equal propriety 
in either genus, since Goodsiria is the older of the two (it 
having been founded by Cunningham in 1872, while Syxstyela 
was founded by Giard in 1874) it is more entitled to receive 
the new comer. 
The specific name dura I have chosen as applying to the 
firmness of the colonies due to the density of the testicular 
matter. 
There are three other known species to which this one is 
closely allied, and with which, consequently it must be com- 
pared in some detail in order that its differentiating characters 
may be brought out. 
These are: Goodsiria coccinea, Cunningham, G. borealis, 
Gottschaldt, and Syzstyela incrustans, Herdman. With the 
first mentioned species it agrees not only in the numerous 
points of structure common to all species of the family, but 
also in the form and size of the zooids, points of considerable 
determinative value for species in this group; but most im- 
portant of all, 2 the absence of folds in the branchial sac. So 
exceptional is this condition among the representatives of the 
family that its occurrence in two species rather closely related 
in many other particulars may be regarded as evidence of 
their very close relationship. But that these two forms are 
specifically distinct there can be nodoubt. The differentiating 
characters are the following. The colonies are much larger 
and much more distinctly massive in G. coccinea than in G. 
dura. According to Herdman (86), on whose description of 
the former I base my comparison, the colonies of this species 
