No.1.] BUDDING IN GOODSIRIA AND PEROPHORA. 189 
For the killing and preservation of material I have used the 
various methods that have been recommended by the numerous 
investigators who have been occupied in recent years with 
Ascidian morphology and development, but in spite of the 
variety of treatment I have not been able to get preparations 
of this genus quite as satisfactory as those obtained from 
Goodsiria. On the whole, as in Goodsiria, the specimens 
fixed by the weaker solution of the picro-sulphuric mixture of 
Kleinenberg has given the best results; but the glacial acetic 
acid method and the chromic-acetic acid solution have also 
been found useful. 
Several zodlogists have studied the budding of Perophora. 
Giard (72), Kowalevsky (74), Van Beneden et Julin (g7), and 
Pizon (93), have published their observations on the subject, 
but of these by far the most important work is that of 
Kowalevsky. It was this investigator who first described in 
detail the entire development of the blastozooids, and his results 
were so nearly complete that the points which he left in doubt, 
with perhaps a single exception, remained in that condition up 
to the present time, nothwithstanding the studies that have 
since been bestowed upon the subject. The points to which I 
refer are the origin of the ganglion, the heart, the sexual 
organs, and the precise relation of the zooids to the stolon; or 
more exactly, to the cloison, or septum of the stolon. The first, 
second, and fourth of these, as the sequel will show, have been 
rather obscured than clarified by the more recent works. 
Concerning the third it appears that the results of Van Beneden 
et Julin are more exact than those of Kowalevsky; but of 
this I am unable to judge from personal observations. In 
none of the specimens studied by me have the genital organs 
been sufficiently developed to permit a satisfactory study of 
them. 
Because of Kowalevsky’s paper a redescription of the general 
development of the buds would be quite superfluous. Except- 
ing the genital system, I shall confine myself, therefore, to the 
points mentioned above as having been left doubtful by him. 
