384 ANDREWS. [Vor. XII. 
through which physiological relation they might possibly 
share in the growing individuality of the major body, it is 
impossible to say. I am inclined to think that although they 
undoubtedly show strange freedom and initiative energy, 
although they seem to possess all that is requisite for what 
would be termed from a Protozoan standpoint, a complete 
organism ; yet, since they are also an integral part of the egg 
substance and of the complex system of egg phenomena, they 
must share largely in the sympathetic interactions and co6per- 
ative physical and physiological phrasings of the powers of the 
whole material, as well as in a progressive subjugation of the 
whole life-machine to an ever-increasing despotism of parts. 
In the Echinus and Arbacia eggs also the spinnings were 
seen between cells, although with far less freedom than in 
Asterias. The sea-urchin threads were fewer, in comparison, 
more direct, and less given to forming networks and side- 
spinnings. They arose from a more distinct, and _ thicker, 
hyaline covering of the egg, which seemed structureless under 
the highest powers, yet the spinnings themselves showed 
often a vesicular tendency and structure, albeit of the finest. 
Over the sea-urchin filaments granules as well as little lumps 
of protoplasm streamed at times. In the four-celled stage, the 
small cleavage cavity was crossed by a number of threads 
between the cells, and thereafter whenever, and for as long 
as, interspaces between the cells could be seen, spinnings 
crossed these and bound the associated cells into an intimate 
union. 
Here, as in starfish eggs, the most active and sensitive por- 
tion in each cell was where it began to curve away from an- 
other cell. 
In both starfish and Echinus eggs, after any artificial separa- 
tion of the cells by such pressure as did not rupture the egg 
membrane, and even in some cases where this actually occurred, 
the spinnings were increased in number and the length of the 
threads was extended until connection was again established, 
as if indeed they sought for their lost comrades. 
To the very natural question whether these filose activities 
of the eggs were not indeed abnormal phenomena, it is to 
