524 ALLIS. [Von IT: 
they are innervated as in elasmobranchs, that is, the rectus 
superior and rectus internus both by the dorsal or superior 
branch of the oculomotorius. 
In Amphibia the muscles of the eye are innervated, accord- 
ing to Schwalbe, in Urodela, as they are in elasmobranchs, and 
in Anura, as they are in ganoids and teleosts (No. 113, pp. 196, 
197, and 200). In Salamandra the trochlearis and the branch 
of the oculomotorius to the rectus superior are often more or 
less completely fused with the r. nasalis trigemini, and by 
Fischer (quoted by Schwalbe) they are described as branches 
of that nerve. The branch of the oculomotorius to the rectus 
internus is always independent, and lies above the r. nasalis, 
according to Schwalbe. According to von Plessen and Rabino- 
vicz (No. 92) it would seem to lie in Salamandra maculata, below 
that nerve. By these authors both oblique muscles in Sala- 
mandra are said to be innervated by branches of the ramus 
nasalis, and they failed entirely to find a nervus trochlearis. In 
Amblystoma the oculomotorius and all its branches are shown 
by Herrick (No. 55) external to, and hence above, the nervus 
opticus and ramus ophthalmicus trigemini, in a side view of 
the head, but below both these nerves in a top view. In one 
of the figures the terminal branch of the nerve innervates the 
rectus inferior and obliquus inferior, while in the other the 
obliquus is innervated by what seems to be the second branch 
of the nerve, this branch innervating also the rectus internus. 
From the descriptions of the nerves it cannot be told which 
of the figures is correct, or if either of them is. Schwalbe’s 
descriptions seem, therefore, to be the most reliable and must 
be relied upon for the whole class. 
In Apoda an arrangement similar to that in Urodela is indi- — 
cated in Fig. 72, Tab. XIX of the Sarasins, thus confirming 
what the Sarasins conclude from other reasons; that is, that 
Apoda is a subdivision of Salamandrina (No. 108, p. 29). 
In both Urodela and Anura a small muscle is found, the 
retractor bulbi, not found in fishes. Schwalbe says that this 
muscle in Salamandra is innervated by a branch of the inferior 
division of the oculomotorius, given off before the branch to 
the rectus inferior (No. 113, p. 198). In the sheep, calf, and 
