Nox3:] J7CUSCLES AND NERVES IN AMIA CALVA. Seyi 
In embryos of Acanthias vulgaris, Mitrophanon (No. 80, pp. 
178 and 179) describes both a ramus ophthalmicus superficialis 
trigemini and a ramus ophthalmicus profundus trigemini. The 
former arises from the anterior root of the trigeminal Anlage, 
in connection with the Gasserian ganglion. It enters distally 
into connection with the nervus trochlearis. The profundus 
arises from an ophthalmic prolongation of the posterior root of 
the trigeminal Anlage, sends a delicate branch, the portio oph- 
thalmici profundi, to the epidermis, and then enters the ciliary, 
or mesocephalic, ganglion. From this latter ganglion a gan- 
glionic mass separates the ganglion of the oculomotorius, and 
from this ganglion the primitive nervus oculomotorius is de- 
veloped. The ciliary ganglion, here described, is certainly the 
profundus ganglion of Amia, as the name mesocephalic indi- 
cates, but its origin from the posterior root of the trigeminal 
Anlage seems to differ from the origin of the ganglion in Amia, 
as will be shown later. The ganglion of the oculomotorius 
seems, with equal certainty, to be the ciliary ganglion of Amia. 
The presence of both a superficialis and a profundus trigemini, 
and of a portio profundi also, is of interest. The relations of 
the three nerves to the muscles of the eyeball and to the 
oculomotorius are not given. The nervus trochlearis is, how- 
ever, said to pass above the ramus ophthalmicus superficialis 
facialis, which is exceptional. 
In Raja, taken by Ewart as a type for skates in general, the 
ciliary nerves arise in part directly from the profundus ganglion 
and in part from the ciliary ganglion (No. 26, p. 535 and No. 
27, p. 289). The ophthalmicus profundus in the same fish 
lies, according to Schwalbe, below the usual two recti muscles 
and the obliquus superior, and always below the trochlearis and 
below the superior branch of the oculomotorius. Tiesing gives 
it a similar course in the Batoidei examined by him, adding to 
what Schwalbe has stated, the fact that it lies dorsal to the 
eyestalk. No ciliary nerves arise, according to him, either from 
or in connection with it; they arise from the oculomotorius. 
In Callorhynchus the ciliary ganglion and ciliaris brevis 
are not given by Stannius; the ciliaris longus is said by him 
to arise from the ophthalmicus profundus, as in sharks. In 
