538 ALLTS. [VoL. XII. 
Chimaera, Schwalbe does not give either the ciliaris longus or 
brevis, but he describes a ciliary ganglion on the inferior branch 
of the oculomotorius. In both Chimaera and Callorhynchus 
the r. ophthalmicus profundus crosses the orbit below the 
superior and internal recti and below the superior oblique, and 
it may even lie below the inferior oblique, if Stannius’ figure is 
correct. It always lies, as it does in the Plagiostomata, below 
the trochlearis and below the superior branch of the oculo- 
motorius, and Schwalbe even shows it in his Fig. 12 as lying 
below the inferior branch of that nerve, unquestionably an 
error. 
In elasmobranchs the ophthalmicus profundus, its ganglion, 
and its ciliary branches are thus seen to present several some- 
what different arrangements. The differences in these arrange- 
ments are, however, only apparent; and they are all easily 
explained by the more or less complete fusion of the profun- 
dus ganglion and its root with the ganglion and root of the 
trigeminus, by the adhesion, or more or less complete fusion, 
of the ciliares longi with the ophthalmicus profundus, or even 
with the ophthalmicus superficialis trigemini at its base, and 
by the more or less complete fusion of the ciliary ganglion 
with the inferior branch of the oculomotorius. 
In most teleosts (No. 116, p. 39) a ciliary ganglion with two 
distinct roots, a radix longa and a radix brevis, is found, and 
from the ganglion the ciliaris brevis, single or double, arises. 
The ciliaris longus, as in elasmobranchs, varies in its origin. 
It may arise from the profundus ganglion, as in Trigla; from 
the so-called r. ciliaris, a nerve which arises from the Gasserian 
ganglion close to the r. ophthalmicus superficialis trigemini ; 
or from the latter nerve itself, as in Salmo. 
In no teleost, with the single recorded exception, so far as I 
can find, of Trigla (No. 116, p. 25), is there a separate profundus 
ganglion and root. Both ganglion and root are apparently always 
completely fused with the ganglion and root of the trigeminus. 
In Trigla the profundus root arises from the trigeminal root, as 
it does in Amia, and its ganglion is separate and distinct from 
the trigeminal ganglion, also as in Amia. From the ganglion 
arise a ramus ciliaris longus and a radix longa. No other 
