No. 3.] MUSCLES AND NERVES IN AMIA CALVA. 641 
In Protopterus the inferior branch of the palatinus facialis 
sends a branch to the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyn- 
geus, and another to the mucous membrane in the hind part of 
the mouth cavity (No. 89, p. 309). In Rana bundles of fibres 
from the fasciculus communis tract join and issue with the 
united glossopharyngeal and vagus roots, and form in part the 
pretrematic and pharyngeal branches of those nerves. 
The fibres of the fasciculus communis tract thus seem des- 
tined to form in part or in whole the pretrematic and pharyn- 
geal branches of the nerves with which they are associated, and 
it is always in the regions which, whether on the outside or the 
inside of the body, are, from their relation to these nerves, 
presumably innervated by them, that terminal buds are found. 
The fibres of the tract that join and form part of the facialis 
enter into, or form entirely, the inferior and superior branches 
of the palatinus facialis, and those two branches are respec- 
tively the pretrematic and pharyngeal branches of the nervus. 
The fibres that join the glossopharyngeus enter, in Rana 
(Strong), into the ramus lingualis and the ramus pharyngeus, 
which are, respectively, the pretrematic and pharyngeal branches 
of that nerve. As there are no communicating branches in 
Amia from the palatinus facialis to the glossopharyngeus, the 
fasciculus communis component of the latter nerve must be a 
postspiracular nerve, as must, therefore, probably also be both 
parts of Pinkus’ branch of the palatinus facialis to the nerve 
in Protopterus. 
Whether there is or is not a prefacial component of the 
fasciculus communis tract seems problematical. Brandis (No. 
14, p. 539) says there is none in birds. The ophthalmicus 
superficialis trigemini may, however, be in part such a nerve, 
as may also be the ciliaris brevis. The ophthalmicus trigemini 
innervates terminal buds, and is therefore functionally to be 
classed with the palatinus facialis and the ramus anterior of 
the glossopharyngeus, both of which are pretrematic or pharyn- 
geal nerves. The pretrematic and posttrematic nerves in 
Petromyzon all arise, according to Kupffer (No. 67, p. 45), in 
connection with epibranchial ectodermal thickenings, and the 
pretrematic nerves, all, from and including the trigeminus 
