No. 3.] MUSCLES AND NERVES IN AMIA CALVA. 
749 
apparently a prespiracular nerve, it cannot be the ramus man- 
dibularis internus facialis of Amia and other fishes, as that 
nerve is a postspiracular nerve. It, therefore, seems probable 
that it is represented, in Amia, by the mandibularis internus 
trigemini, and in Protopterus and Polyodon by the inferior 
branch of the palatinus facialis. 
28. The ramus ophthalmicus superficialis trigemini, in 
Amia, arises largely from the fasciculus communis portion 
of the trigemino-facial ganglion, and is largely or entirely con- 
cerned in the innervation of the terminal buds found on the 
top of the head and snout. Where those buds are few or 
entirely wanting in that part of the head, as in selachians and 
amphibia, the nerve is, naturally, small or wanting. 
29. The suprapharyngeal elements of the branchial arches, 
in Amia, are usually found as special processes on the posterior 
edges of the epibranchials of their arches, and not as separate 
elements. They lie at the distal edge of the surface of inser- 
tion of the external levator muscle of the arch to which they 
belong; behind, rather than above, the efferent artery of the 
arch; behind the posttrematic branch of the nerve of the arch; 
and in front of pretrematic branches of the nerve of the next 
posterior arch. 
The infrapharyngeal elements lie proximal to, or in front 
of, the external levator muscles of their respective arches, and 
give insertion to the internal levator muscle of the next pre- 
ceding arch, when that muscle exists. They lie, on each arch, 
below the efferent artery, and below the posttrematic and pha- 
ryngeal branches of the nerve of the arch. 
The epibranchial of each arch is connected, normally, with 
the infrapharyngobranchial of the next posterior arch by 
articular and interarcual ligaments. Where the infrapharyngo- 
branchial of the next posterior arch is not normally developed, 
the connection is wholly or in part with the epibranchial of 
that arch. 
30. In the hyoid arch the hyomandibular and symplectic 
have practically the same relations to the muscles, nerves, 
artery, and ligaments of their arch, that the suprapharyngo- 
branchials and infrapharyngobranchials, respectively, have to 
