1871.] MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON HEMICENTETES. 71 



men ; foramen rotund um distinct from sphenoidal fissure ; optic 

 nerve traversing an elongated and very small canal ; a suboptic 

 foramen ; infraorbital canal rather long ; no true alisphenoid canal ; 

 lachrymal foramen opens just in front of orbit ; ascending ramus 

 of mandible very concave externally ; first two upper molars quadri- 

 cuspid, with an oblique ridge in each connecting the postero- 

 external cusp with the antero-internal one. Fourteen or fifteen dorsal 

 vertebrae and five or six lumbar vertebrae ; no hj'perapophyses or 

 hypapophyses ; all lumbar processes small ; clavicles slender ; sca- 

 pula with a long, pointed metacromion process ; ulna complete and 

 distinct ; a scapho-lunar bone and os intermedium ; pubic symphysis 

 very small or absent ; fibula anchylosed below to tibia ; metatarsus 

 short; five digits to each extremity ; no caecum. 

 Hab. Europe, Asia, Africa. 



Erinaceus*, Linnaeus. 



I- §=2» P.M. jpg. Skull slightly constricted between the orbits ; 

 transverse plate behind the posterior palatine ridge continuous with 

 outer walls of pterygoid fossae ; defects of ossification in palate ; no 

 external alisphenoid canal ; mesopterygoid fossa ending posteriorly 

 in an excavation of the basis cranii ; suboptic foramen small and 

 hidden ; spheno-palatine foramen close to the foramen rotundum ; 

 upper canine small, generally with two roots ; third upper and 

 lower molars very small. Three sacral vertebrae ; caudal vertebrae not 

 numerous ; spinous process of axis moderate ; humerus generally 

 with no supracondyloid foramen ; tuberosity of ischium not much 

 prolonged backwards ; femur with a moderate ectogluteal ridge. 



Hab. Europe, Asia, Africa. 



GYMNURAf, Vigors and Horsfield. 



I. j^g, P.M. ^— j. Skull much constricted between the orbits; 

 transverse plate behind posterior ridge of palate not continuous 

 with outer walls of pterygoid fossae ; no defects of ossification in 

 palate ; an external alisphenoid canal ; mesopterygoid fossa not 

 ending posteriorly in any excavation ; suboptic foramen large and 

 conspicuous ; spheno-palatine foramen remote from foramen rotun- 

 dum ; upper canine large and conical, with one root ; third upper 

 molar quadricuspidate ; third lower molar quite like the second. Five 

 sacral vertebrae ; caudal vertebrae numerous ; spinous process of axis 

 very large ; tuberosity of ischium much prolonged backwards ; femur 

 with a very strong ectogluteal ridge. 



Hab. Malacca, Sumatra. 



* De Blainville, ' Insectivores,' p. 36, pis. vi., vii., viii., & x. ; F. Cuvier, ' Dents 

 des Mammiferes,' no. xvi. ; Owen, ' Odontography,' ii. pi. ex. fig. 5 ; Wagner, 

 Sup pi. ii. p. 10. 



f De Blainville, ' Insectivores,' pis. vi. & x. ; Owen, ' Odontography,' ii. pi. 

 cxi. fig. 4; Horsfield and Vigors, Zoolog. Journ. iii. p. 24G, pi. viii. ; ' Wagner, 

 Schreb. Supplem. ii. p. 45, v. p. 533. 



