1871.] DR. J. ANDERSON ON INDIAN REPTILES. 197 



which would have been productive of little or no noise, whilst the 

 oblique rasping of these little saws against each otber produces a 

 noise that can be heard as well as the hiss of any large serpent. The 

 noise can be produced after death by rubbing the sides of the body 

 against each other in the direction of the scales. During life this 

 handsome little Viper is always engaged in rubbing its scales together 

 when disturbed. It is very fierce, and strikes with great vigour. 



It is very deadly and is the cause of much mortality among the 

 field-labourers of the north-west of India, where it appears to be not 

 uncommon. 



Rana kuhlii, Schleg. ; Gthr. I. c. p. 404. 



One specimen of this Frog exists in the Museum. Unfortunately 

 no locality is given ; but it is probably either from Ceylon or 

 Burmah, in all likelihood from the former locality. It has not, how- 

 ever, the transverse plaits of the skin of the back characteristic of 

 Giinther's var. E from Ceylon, but is almost smooth above — a cir- 

 cumstance that may be accounted for by age, as the body measures 

 2" 7'". The lower part of the leg and tarsus are roughly tubercular. 

 It agrees in every other character with Giinther's description of the 

 species ; and if the absence of the transverse folds and small tubercles 

 is not attributable to age, it verifies Giinther's statement that the 

 transverse folds of the skin are not a constant character, any more 

 than the mandibulary fangs, which are well developed in this spe- 

 cimen. 



Rana tigrina, Daud. ; Gthr. /, e. p. 407. 

 Agra. 



Rana fusca, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxiv. pp. 719, 720 ; 

 Giinther, I. c. p. 403 ; Theobald, Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Museum, 

 p. 79 ; Giinther, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 478. 



Head triangular, rather broad behind ; snout rather short, pointed, 

 and rounded in front, truncated in the aged adult ; no canthus 

 rostralis ; sides of snout broadly rounded, and shelving outwards. 

 Nostrils oval, much nearer the extremity of the snout than the eye. 

 Width between the eyelids slightly greater than the distance between 

 the eye and the nostril. Tympanum indistinct in the young, much 

 smaller than the eye, almost hidden in the adult, reduced to a small 

 yellowish disk in the centre of the wide aural, depressed. Vomerine 

 teeth six to nine, strong, on two prominent rather short oblique ridges, 

 on a line with the inner anterior angle of the cohanse, converging be- 

 hind, but widely separated. In adult specimens a strong transverse 

 osseous ridge behind the choanEe. Tongue cordate. Two very large 

 fang-like apophyses on the lower jaw, directed backwards, and received 

 into a groove in the upper jaw. Rostral portion of snout prominent, 

 overlapping and trenchant. Lower jaw transversely truncated in adults 

 to receive it. No vocal sacs. A strong fold from the eye over the 

 tympanum to the shoulder ; posterior third of upper eyelid tuber- 

 cular. Skin smooth above in adults, slightly tubercular in other and 



