550 MR. J. BESWICK-PERRIN ON THE [June 20, 



humerus, into which it is implanted. It also sends off a fascial pro- 

 cess which blends partly with the capsular ligament of the shoulder- 

 joint, reaching as far upwards and forwards as the rudimentary cora- 

 coid process. This muscle closely accords with the second pectoral 

 of birds in attaining to the position of an elevator humeri. 



The posterior inferior muscle arises from the seventh, eighth, 

 ninth, and tenth ribs, from the lower third of the mesosternum, and 

 slightly from the xiphisternum. Its upper part is overlapped by 

 the preceding muscles, while its lower portion appears on the same 

 plane as the anterior pectoral. Its fibres are directed obliquely for- 

 wards and outwards, to be inserted into the middle of the inner mar- 

 gin of the delto-pectoral ridge. This muscle is joined at its insertion 

 by a very large Achselbogen from the latissimus dorsi. 



In the Paradoxurus typus and Caracal there is a similar arrange- 

 ment of the pectoral muscles, except that the posterior inferior por- 

 tion in the latter animal has a much more extended attachment to the 

 radial border of the humerus by means of an aponeurotic tendon. 



The epigastric muscle consists of two or three isolated bands of 

 the panniculus carnosus, which spring from the antero-lateral aspect 

 of the thoracic subtegumental fascia ; these unite together at their 

 anterior and outer extremity, forming a moderately strong muscle, 

 which passes through the axillary cavity, joining the upper border 

 of the Achselbogen close to its insertion into the humerus. 



The epicostalis arises from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, close 

 to the sternum. It passes in a direction obliquely upwards, forwards, 

 and outwards, crossing superficial to the rectus abdominis muscle 

 (which is prolonged as far forwards as the second and first ribs). It 

 is inserted into the first rib directly in front of the outer half of the 

 preceding muscle. This muscle has a similar arrangement in the 

 Paradoxurus typus and Caracal. 



The subscapulars in neither of these animals presented any notable 

 peculiarities. 



The latissimus dorsi, teres major, and the dorso-lateral panniculus 

 constitute by their intimate distal association one large, extensive, 

 and complex muscle. The latissimus dorsi occupies a central posi- 

 tion between the three. The proximal attachments have the same 

 disposition which is common to the majority of the higher animals. 

 Distally, the latissimus dorsi divides into three portions — a superior, 

 mesial, and inferior. 



The superior constitutes the Achselbogen of the German authors. 

 It is inserted into the delto-pectoral ridge behind the pectoral muscles, 

 as already mentioned. This muscle crosses in front of the axillary 

 vessels and nerves (exactly as it does in the human subject when 

 present), and is joined prior to its insertion by a contributory slip 

 from the dorsal panniculus. 



The mesial portion blends with the teres major, the two being 

 inserted together into a depression internal to the delto-pectoral ridge. 



The inferior portion is given off in conjunction with the preceding. 

 It passes down the inner and posterior aspect of the arm as a strong 

 wedge-shaped muscle, and is finally inserted into the anterior and 



