sf. 
1870.] MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE MAMMALS OF HAINAN, 237 
of the three lowest series on sides of body between fore and hind 
legs carinated, or with a longitudinal ridge down the centre of each. 
A few on hind leg also keeled, but less distinctly. 
Young. Total length 16 inches ; tail nearly 6 inches. Scales very 
pale, whereas in the young of the Chinese species they are very dark. 
Lateral scales with prominent keels; those on hind leg more or less 
distinctly so. Scales small and uniform in adjustment, and with 
complete edges; those of the adult jagged, and broken at edge. 
Two small bundles of stiff hair project over each scale on the right 
and left of the overlapping apex of the scale behind. 
I have a series of skins and bones of the Manis from Amoy and 
Formosa, which, together with the two above skins, I have handed 
over to Dr. Giinther of the British Museum, who has offered to 
make a special study of them. 
The Gazetteer gives, “The Chuen-shan-kia (or Hill-borer), also 
called Ling-le (or Mountain Carp), like a small Crocodile (Tow), 
and resembling a Carp with legs. Burrows in the hills, and enters 
into water. Delights in eating ants.” 
This closes the list of Hainan Mammals actually seen or procured 
in whole or part by myself. But to make the paper as complete as 
T can, I will quote the remaining matter in the Hainan Gazetteer on 
the subject, taking it in the order of the Chinese work. 
“Wild Cattle——These are domestic cattle that have for long had 
the run of the numerous mountains and peaks of the neighbouring 
Le. These have originated from cattle that were let loose to pasture 
and not collected to their stalls each night. Their dispositions have 
become wild, and they flee from the sight of man. To obtain them 
it is necessary to shoot them with a gun.” 
* Seao kow, or Small Dog.’’—The old edition of the Gazetteer 
does not describe it. Of the group classed under the character Le 
(or Fox) we are told there are “several kinds.” Besides the Heangle 
(Viwerra zibetha), the Mao-hwa-le (Viverricula indica), the Pe hia le 
and Chale (which I take to be Helictis moschata and the Herpestes 
respectively), it gives the Chih le, or Red Fox. Some of my compa- 
nions declared they saw.a Fox at Nychow ; but when cross-examined 
they were not confident it was a genuine Fox. The Chinese term for 
Vulpes is Hoo le; and I do not think the writer would refer to the true 
Fox, which is a well-known animal in China, under any other name. 
“ Tsze-wei (or Hedgehog), shaped like a Rat, with the whole body 
covered with spines.” I found a Hedgehog common in North 
China (Tientsin and Peking), but I have never seen it in the south. 
“The Gold-cash Pao (or Leopardus varius, Gray).” See above, 
under Felis macrocelis. 
“Chai, resembling a Dog (Kow) with a long tail. Lang, like a 
(Keuen) Dog, with pointed head and high cheek-bones.” Both Chai 
and Lang are applied to Wolves in books ; in speaking it is customary 
to couple them together. I take the first to imply a species of Lupus, 
and the other Nyctereutes procyonides, Gray ; but it is very ques- 
tionable whether either occurs in Hainan. 
“* Cattle-—There are two kinds, called Water-Cow and Yellow 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1870, No. XVII. 
