366 DR. J. MURIE ON THE [May 26, 
are 35. Several of the last caudal, it may be noted, are wanting, 
having been injured during the process of maceration; so 37 to 38 
may more truly be considered the total number. Of those present, 
7 are cervical, 13 dorsal, 6 lumbar, 4 sacral, and 5 caudal. 
The cervicals are distinguished by their great size, compared with 
the other spinal regions. The 5 hinder ones interlock with each 
other by well-marked opisthoccelian articulations. This is not un- 
common in a partial degree among ruminants, but is best observed 
in the Camelidee and Giraffidee. 
The atlas is appreciably flattened and broad. Its condylar arti- 
cular surface is low and without the outer double notch of the Goats 
and Sheep. The transverse process is a thin wide plate of bone, 
ending backwardly in a rounded flattish process. The vertebral fora- 
men pierces it vertically, and then horizontally passes through the 
neural arch. A rudiment of a neural spine exists at the middle of 
the bone, flanked forwardly by two deepish grooves. The body has 
a moderate-sized hypapophysial keel. 
The axis has a neurapophysis an inch high, which runs the entire 
length of the vertebra; anteriorly the spine projects as a process 
forwards, but posteriorly is truncate. A sharp-pointed barb-like 
anapophysis overlaps the third vertebra. here is a well-marked 
keel, more fully developed, however, in the third, fourth, and fifth 
cervicals. The vertebral foramen perforates the neural arch in front. 
Neural spines are wanting in the third and fourth vertebree ; but, 
as in most ruminants, it is developed in the fifth, and lengthened in 
the sixth and seventh. The laminar arches of the third, fourth, 
and fifth are marked by a postmedian depression as well as lateral 
ones. The second, third, and fourth cervicals are the longest. The 
pleurapophysial element of the transverse process of the sixth cervical 
is unusually broad. 
The dorsal vertebree, in a bird’s-eye view, are seen steadily to de- 
crease from the cervical towards the lumbar region. The centre of 
movement of the spine hinges on the tenth dorsal vertebra ; this is 
shown by the change of direction forwards in the neurapophysis. 
The first dorsal spinous process is of considerable length; and 
from it to the third they increase in size; between this latter and 
the sixth they remain nearly uniform in length, and slope sharply 
backwards. 
The next four gradually shorten. The last three dorsal neurapo- 
physes are broader and directed forwards. 
A metapophysis in the form of a tubercle is developed on the first 
dorsal vertebra, enlarges on to the third, then remains small as far as 
the eleventh. The twelfth and the thirteenth increase in magnitude 
and approach the prominent plate-like form found in the lumbar 
region. The dorsal vertebral region measures 133 inches. 
The bodies of the six lumbar vertebre are subequal in size. Their 
transverse processes are only of moderate breadth, but very long, 
and subequal from the second to the sixth. The neurapophyses, on 
the other hand, are very broad, of nearly uniform height, and curve 
forwards. The metapophyses are prominent and thick ; the inter- 
