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1870. | MYOLOGY OF PLATYDACTYLUS JAPONICUS. 415 
columella, covered in by the membrane which connects the upper 
edge of that bone with the parietal, at the point of attachment of the 
membrane corresponding to the alisphenoid, and is inserted into the 
upper border of the pterygoid, behind the columella. The other 
muscle is internal, and arises from the membranous alisphenoid, be- 
neath the last, in front of the exit of the third division of the fifth 
nerve, also from a membranous expansion attached to the external 
apophysis of the basisphenoid, and is inserted into the inner border 
of the pterygoid bone within and behind the last muscle, extending 
as far backwards as the inner border of the os quadratum ; but it is 
not actually attached to this bone. Is it possible that these two 
muscles represent the tensor and laxator tympani? Their origins cor- 
respond to a certain extent; but the insertions are different. It is true 
that the latter approaches very closely to the os quadratum, which, 
although not the malleus, is next door to it. They seem to present 
as much correspondence as can be expected in a skull so widely 
different from that of mammals. 
Digastric.—A thin muscle arising from the posterior front of the 
parietal and squamosal, immediately in front of the exoccipital ; it 
passes downwards over the latter and behind the os quadratum, and 
developes a slender tendon, which is inserted into the extreme 
posterior point of the articular piece of the mandible. This appears 
to correspond to the posterior belly of the digastric. 
Pectoralis major arises from the whole length of the middle line of 
the sternum, from about the centre of the interclavicle, as far as the 
end of the xiphisternum. The posterior fibres also arise from the 
rectus abdominis by means of a tendinous intersection ; it is inserted 
into the summit of a hook-like process on the lower and outer surface 
of the humerus immediately beyond the humero-scapular articula- 
tion, which appears to correspond to the greater tuberosity, and into 
the surface of the bone beyond it. 
Deltoid arises from the lower anterior and upper surfaces of the 
inner or lower extremity of the clavicle; it turns back between it 
and the coracoid, passing in front of the former, and covering the 
anterior part of the shoulder; it is inserted into the outside of the 
humerus, immediately beyond the head of the bone and in front of 
the outside head of the triceps. 
Supraspinatus arises from the anterior half of the coracoid, and is 
inserted into the anterior point of the head of the humerus, in front 
of the insertion of the pectoralis major. This is called epicoraco- 
humeral by Mr. Mivart ; nevertheless I would venture to suggest 
that it corresponds to the supraspinatus, because it arises from the 
coracoid, and that process, attached as it is to the anterior part of the 
scapula, would point to the supraspinous fossa. 
Teres minor arises from the anterior border of the scapula, at its 
junction with the coracoid, just dorsad of the coraco-scapular fenestra ; 
it is attached to the capsule of the joint, and is inserted into the 
upperside of the head of the humerus, immediately. beyond its arti- 
culation ; it is bound down at its insertion by an aponeurosis attached 
to the long head of the triceps, and is covered over by the deltoid. 
