446 MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE ZOOLOGY. [June 9, 
for sale; the best were Garrulus brandti, EKophona personata, Leu- 
codiopterum sinense, and Acridotheres philippensis (the last two 
from the south). 
We travelled, on the 24th of September, the remaining twenty 
miles and reached Kalgan, or Changchiakow. Near this town the 
road again became stony, and the hills closed round to form the 
long pass which gradually ascends for thirty miles, until it places 
you on the boundless grassy plain of Mongolia. We passed many 
parties of Mongols with strings of camels, and driving troops of 
ponies, and several of their encampments. Crossing the Tungkeao 
(bridge) which spans the stream that runs down from the pass, we put 
up at a Mahommedan inn outside the city-wall. 
On the 25th our Mahommedan host took us for a walk to show 
us the lions. Lower Kalgan, or Hiapoo, is the walled city of Wan- 
tseuen Hien. The road leads past this town to Upper Kalgan, or 
Shangpoo, about three quarters of a mile distant, at the end of which, 
in a short gorge, is the gate of the famous or old Great Wall. Up the 
hill on either side runs the wall, or rather its ruined remains—in many 
places little more than a line of rubble; but up the mountain and 
down into the valley, as far as the sight can strain, it holds its ser- 
pentine course. The wall of the Nankow Pass supplements this, 
enclosing the prefecture of Seuenhwafoo, which belongs to the Chili 
province, but is still often called Mongolia. Our host told the 
guard of the gate who we were, and took us outside of China. Be- 
yond the gate the pass was divided into two by a lower hill-range, 
with roads on eacly side which united further upwards. The roads 
were broken and rough in places, made of slabs of stone which had 
got displaced ; and the hills were barren and had a scorched look 
like those of Aden. We were not tempted to continue our journey 
in jolting carts, and preferred spending our few extra days of leave 
in returning leisurely by the way we had come. Rooks, Magpies, 
and Kites were common about Kalgan, and Reguloides superciliosus 
and the Pied Woodpecker were the most frequent birds in the trees 
about the gardens in her suburbs. One of the latter I fired at died 
clinging to the top bough of a tree, and there was no getting it down. 
We spent the morning of the 27th of September strolling about 
the neighbourhood of Keming. In the fields towards the river 
Rooks and Jackdaws were feeding; all the Rooks appeared to have 
feathered chins. Among the willows we found the Barbary Dove 
(Turtur risorius, L.). We frequently came across this species in 
this prefecture of Seuenhwafoo between the two walls, as also Turtur 
gelastes (Temm.). In the neighbourhood of Peking the latter oc- 
curred, but not the former; and, indeed, I have never seen the 
Barbary Dove in any other part of China. It is a tame, gentle bird, 
and easily approached. I procured both full-plumaged young without 
the neck-ring and adult birds. Its eyelid is pale yellow, iris chestnut- 
red; bill brownish black; legs madder-pink, with black claws. 
Turtur gelastes has the eyelid deep madder-pink, iris golden-sienna ; 
bill brownish madder, browner on apical half; legs purplish madder, 
with black claws. Some little birds among the willows were uttering 
