482 DR. J. MURIE ON SAIGA TARTARICA. [June 9, 
vessels, which give the whole quite a banded network character ; 
whereas in the Saiga the fibres of the nasal muscles proper and blood- 
vessels are so minute as to have more of a glandular aspect. 
In the Pachyderms the proboscis is as much an organ of touch 
and prehension as of smell. In Saiga undoubtedly touch or the 
sense of feeling must be possessed to an unusual degree in this 
musculo-sensory nasal apparatus. The increase of powers of smell, 
however, seems to be its office; for the Schneiderian membrane is 
that which most gains in superficial capacity, the power of retraction 
and movement, though ossessed by it, being secondary or adjunct. 
The distribution of serves to the outside of this dilated nose- 
chamber is peculiar, inasmuch as the facial nerve (F.n.) is enor- 
wously developed. Piercing the parotid gland behind the ascend- 
ing ramus of the mandible, it traverses, as in Sheep and Goats, 
superficially across the masseter to above the angle of the mouth, 
then, directed obliquely upwards and formards, splits into a vast 
number of thick branches. But the fan-shaped neryous plexus 
which spread over the entire face are by no means so few or so 
small as in Ovide, compared with which they are of gigantic pro- 
portions. While some proceed towards the upper lip, the greater 
number pass underneath the zygomatic and |. 1. s. aleeque nasi 
muscles, and, piercing the deep nasal muscles, ramify finally on the 
fibrous wall of the nares, both laterally and in front. In fact they 
similate the nervous distribution on the Pig’s mobile and sensory 
snout ; only in Saiga many more go to the lateral aspect of the 
nares, and comparatively fewer to the extremity of the nose. In 
most Bovines the infraorbital nerves are large relatively to the 
temporo-facial ; but in 8. tartarica the reverse obtains (fig. 8, I. 0.7). 
This may be accounted for by the upper lip of the former requiring 
greater nervo-muscular power; whereas in the latter, as has been 
shown, the nose acquires prominence, being the active sensory and 
mobile organ. 
Among cranio-facial muscles other than those mentioned, the fem- 
poralis (Te), as in Ruminants generally, has a small superficial area. 
The masseter is double ; its superficial layer (Ma’), broad and thick, 
arises by a strong tendon from the maxillary prominence, and by 
fibres from the lower edge of the orbit; posteriorly and below it 
has a wide insertion into the angle of the mandible. The second, 
deeper layer (J/a*) has more vertically directed fibres; they arise 
from the anterior half of the zygomatic arch and lower surface of 
the orbit, and are inserted into the anterior half of the ascending 
mandibular ramus. The 4zccinator is moderately thick, elongated, 
and narrowed behind. The inferior labial group of muscles are but 
moderate in size. 
The sterno-mastoid, as Owen remarks in the Giraffe, is according 
to attachment a sterno-maxillaris, each belly posteriorly being in 
close union with the sterno-hyoidei, and anteriorly ending by a strong 
tendon, which amalgamates with that of the masseter primus, they 
together being firmly fixed to the maxillary eminence. This facial 
