496 DR. J. MURIE ON SAIGA TARTARICA. [June 9, 
interval being broad. Several of the uppermost rings interdigitate. 
In front the first one corresponds in width to the succeeding rings, 
but laterally and behind it expands in a broad triangular form, the 
anterior or upper margin of which fits into the lower arched border 
of the cricoid cartilage. 
The lungs agree with Pallas’s description, the left trilobuled, the 
right tripartite above, and a large lobe below, with a partial lobule 
at its upper and inner corner. 
IV. Exterior CHARACTERISTICS. 
1, Form and Integument. 
Without hesitancy I offer testimony to the unusually lucid and suc- 
einct manner in which Pallas sets forth his descriptive remarks of the 
external characters of the Antilope saiga; and his illustration of the 
animal is equally happy. Wolf’s coloured lithograph in our ‘ Pro- 
ceedings,’ 1867, pl. xvii., depicts the species in a different seasonal 
dress ; and consequently the neck has a thicker aspect than in the 
former author’s figure. 
It is in the hornless female that one quickly traces Sheep-resem- 
blances, the addition of the erect annulated horns in the male 
masking or altering the ovine expression. Seen from above, the 
hornless head is long, and, indeed, rather Pig-like, the ears standing 
well out, the jaws tapering but slightly towards the broad truncated 
nostrils. The capacious, patulous, oval nasal apertures are a most 
remarkable feature in the front view when the head is raised. 
In the adult male (fig. 12) the prolongation of the nasal trunk is 
greatest, and there is a thick tuft of long hair springing from beneath 
the eye and overhanging the cheek, besides a fringe of long hair at 
the margins of the ear, which heightens the uncouth aspect of the 
animal. 
As regards bodily dimensions, these have been amply given in the 
table (p. 37) of the ‘Spicilegia.’” From my measurements of the 
dead bodies it appeared the adult male stood higher at the withers 
than at the loins, the reverse being the case in the half-grown 
female. 
A circumstance is mentioned by Pallas which merits attention as 
affording an inkling of affinity. I allude to the fact that the horns 
of the Saiga are subject to inconstant abnormalities as regards number. 
He says (J. ¢. p. 35), “ Certis testimoniis consentientium venatorum, 
quos veraces alias expertus sum, plurium teneo, reperiri interdum 
succenturiato ad alterum latus minori cornu fricornes mares; re- 
periri zeque raro unicornes, cornu majori, monstroso varieque torto 
in media fronte instructos.”’ 
Among the Deer it is no uncommon thing to find irregularities 
or abnormalities in the growth of the horns—for instance, in the pro- 
duction of extra snags or non-development of the normal ones. No 
Deer, however, to my knowledge, possesses more than two branched 
antlers or cervine horns proper; nor do I know of any case where 
