1870.] MESSRS. SCLATER AND SALVIN ON THE CRACIDA. 505 
received great assistance, in answers to numerous inquiries and in 
loan of specimens, from Herr v. Pelzeln, of the Imperial Cabinet of 
Vienna, from Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, and from Mr. 
Moore, Curator of the Derby Museum, Liverpool. 
Before commencing our synopsis of the species of Cracide we 
will say a little concerning the labours of former workers on this 
group, from the days of Linneus. 
Sect. II. Brief Chronological Account of the Writings of the 
Principal Authorities on the Cracide. 
(1766.) Linneeus, in the twelfth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ 
establishes the genus Craz with five species. Of these, C. rubra is 
the female of C. globicera, leaving four valid Linnzan species of 
this genus. The only Penelopine bird recognized is placed in the 
genus Phasianus. It is P. motmot, Linn. (= Ortalida motmot). 
(1780, about.) In the ‘ Planches Enluminées,’ published about 
this date, four species of Cracide are figured, viz. :— 
Pl. 86. Le Hocco: faisan dela Guianne (= Crax daubentoni). 
125. Hocco du Pérou (= C. globicera Q). 
78. Faisan, le Pierre de Oayenne (= Pauzi galeata). 
338. Faisan verddtre de Cayenne (= Penelope marail). 
(1783.) Boddaert, in his ‘Table des Planches Enluminées,’ gives 
the name Phasianus katraka to Pl. Enl. 146 (which is Ortalida 
motmot). 
(1784.) Jacquin, in his ‘Beytrige zur Geschichte der Vogel,’ figures 
two species of Penelope, Crax cumanensis (t. 19) and C. pipile 
(t. 11). These are both probably referable to the same species, viz. 
Pipile cumanensis. 
(1786.) Merrem, in his ‘Avium Icones et Descriptiones’ (fasciculus 
secundus, p. 40), establishes three divisions of Craces :—(1) Craz, 
Linneus; (2) Penelope (type P. jacupema) ; (3) Ortalida (type 
Phasianus motmot, Linneus). He figures his P. jacupema, which 
is probably = P. marail, and his P. leucolophos, which is certainly 
= Pipile cumanensis. 
(1788.) Gmelin, in his ‘Systema Nature,’ makes no alteration 
in Crazx, but adopts Merrem’s genus Penelope with six species. 
Three of these are good, viz. (1) P. cristata, (2) P. cumanensis = 
Pipile cumanensis, and (3) P. marail. Gmelin’s P. satyra is a 
Ceriornis, and his P. vociferans is perhaps one of the Mexican 
Ortalide. Phasianus motmot and P. parraka of the same author 
are both equal to O. motmot. 
(1790.) Latham, in his ‘Index Ornithologicus,’ very little ad- 
vances our knowledge. His Craz galeata = Crax pauxi, Lin- 
nezeus ; but Linnzeus’s specific name having been made generic by 
Temminck, the name galeata must be adopted. 
(1802.) Azara, in his ‘ Apuntamientos para la historia natural 
de los pajaros del Paraguay,’ gives recognizable descriptions of four 
species of this group:—(1) el Yacthi, upon which P. obscura of 
