508 MESSRS. SCLATER AND SALVIN ON THE CRACIDS. [June 9, 
The last of these species is here first described as new under the 
name Crax yarrelli; but the name had been previously mentioned, 
P. Z. 8. 1830-31, p. 33. 
(1836.) Johann Miller, in his article upon the different forms of 
the penis in the class of birds (Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1836, p. 137), shows 
that Crax and Penelope agree with Tinamus in possessing a small 
rudimentary penis, which is never found in the ordinary Gallinacee. 
(1837.) Swainson, ‘in his ‘ Classification of Birds,’ arranges Crazr 
(ranking Penelope and the other genera as its subgenera) as a genus 
of his subfamily Megapodine, and family Columbide. 
(1844.) Mr. G. R. Gray, in Gray and Mitchell’s ‘Genera of 
Birds,’ vol. iii., arranges the Cracide as the first family of his order 
GALLIN, and divides them into two subfamilies, Penelopine and 
Cracine. The Penelopine contain three genera :—Ortalida, with a 
nominal list of fourteen species ; Penelope, with ten species; and 
Oreophasis, with one, viz. O. derbyanus, which remarkable bird is 
now introduced into science, and very beautifully figured. Mr. 
Gray’s second subfamily (Cracine) is divided into two genera, Crax 
and Pauzi. An excellent figure is given of the female of Pauai 
galeata. Six species are referred to Crax and three to Pauai. 
Altogether Mr. Gray enumerates thirty-four species of Cracide as 
now known to science ; but it must be born in mind that several of 
the names given are merely synonyms. Three subsequently described 
species are added to the list in the appendix to this work. 
(1844—46.) Tschudi, in his ‘Fauna Peruana,’ gives four species 
of Cracine and six species of Penelopine as met with in the wood- 
region of Eastern Peru. His identifications of these birds must be 
received with caution, being in some cases apparently only founded 
on recollection. Crax temminckii, which he describes as new, is 
certainly the Central-American C. globicera. Penelope aspersa, 
described as new = Ortalida guttata; P. rufiventris = Chamepetes 
goudoti. Tschudi, however, gives several interesting anatomical 
details, in particular concerning the penis of Penelope, in confir- 
mation of Johann Miiller’s discoveries on this subject. 
(1846.) The second volume of the ‘ Knowsley Menagerie’ con- 
tains four large figures, by Lear, of species of Penelope, viz. :— 
Knowsley Menagerie. (Of this Synopsis.) 
Pl. 8. P. superciliaris = P. jacucaca. 
9. P. pileata = P. pileata. 
10. P. pipile = Pipile cumanensis. 
ll. P. purpurascens = P. marail. 
(1847.) Sir William Jardine, in one of his articles on the birds of 
Tobago in the ‘Annals of Nat. History,’ describes Ortalida ruficauda 
as a new species from that island, and the following year (‘ Contri- 
butions to Ornithology, 1848) figures and describes its trachea. 
(1848.) Cabanis, in the ‘ Fauna of British Guiana,’ contained in 
the third volume of ‘Schomburgk’s Travels,’ enumerates five species 
of Penelopine and four of Cracine as obtained by Schomburgk in 
that country. These are all probably rightly determined, except 
