604 DR. J. MURIE ON PHOCA GR@NLANDICA. [June 23, 
Formosa. Sterna, a male. Eyeball dark indigo ; iris dark chest- 
nut. Gizzard empty, collapsed.” 
32. Urra umizusumE, Temm. & Schleg. F. J. 
“No.57. Diver, young male. Nagasaki. 24th February, 1867.” 
33. PHALERIS TETRACULA (Pall.). 
“Male. Eye grey. 19th February, 1865. N. lat. 40°, E. long. 
142°. North-east coast of Japan.” 
6. On Phoca greniandica, Mill.: its Modes of Progressicn 
and its Anatomy. By James Muriz, M.D., F.LS., 
F.G.S., &c., late Prosector to the Society. 
(Plate XXXII.) 
Propulsion of mammals on land and on different substances, as is 
well known, is effected in a variety of ways; and the parts brought 
into contact with the solid matter are as diverse. Walking, running, 
leaping, bounding, hopping, creeping, &c. sufficiently express widely 
dissimilar modes of progression. Some raise the body in erect or 
semierect posture, as in Man and Kangaroos ; others, and by far the 
greater number, carry the body horizontally above, and support it 
by the four feet. Some, as the Sloths, suspend the body, and slowly 
move along the boughs by successive clutches. 
As regards the parts in opposition with the object moved on, the 
palms and soles respectively or together frequently form the fulerum. 
The toes of the manus and pes, however, as often alone touch the 
ground; but the knuckles, rims of soles, and even tips of claws, as 
in the Three-banded Armadillo, are, in certain instances, brought 
into requisition as fulera. The tail even assists as an occasional 
basis of support, and in such cases as the Spider Monkeys and Merian 
Opossum, the body is absolutely hung and swung forwards thereby. 
But perhaps the oddest kind of movement, and almost sadly ridi- 
culous one, is the shuffling, wriggling, belly-progressive gait of 
many of the Seal tribe on terra firma. 
Several writers* have called attention to this peculiarity in the 
Common Seal, Phoca vitulina, and contrasted it with the very dif- 
ferent walk of the other Carnivora. The Sea-lion (Ot¢aria) by the 
the old Southern voyagers +, and the Walrus (Zrichechus) by Arctic 
travellerst, have each been described as walking waddling-fashion 
on all fours; and the living specimens lately in our Gardens have 
* See the early Anat. Memoirs of the French Acad. ; also “Sur les organes du 
mouvement du Phoque commun,” by Duyernoy, Mém. du Muséum, 1822, p. 52. 
+ Capt. Cook, the Brothers Foster, Dampier, quoted by Duvernoy (é.c. 
p. 51), Péron & Lesueur, &e., besides Steller, who describes fully the northern 
species. 
+ Beechey’s Voy. Lamont’s ‘Seasons with the Sea Horses,’ &c. 
