646 MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMAIS. [June 23, 
variation in the colour of the hair. Three years after birth the 
Deer commences to horn. At the end of the year the horns drop 
away as do the milk-teeth of infants. Other horns appear in their 
place, which are retained throughout the animal’s lifetime ; but every 
year an extra fork is added. 
«The teats appear in the doe at the age of four months. Just 
before they show she gets extremely fat. When big with young, her 
skin is soft, smooth, spotted, glossy, and very lovely. As soon as 
the doe has finished suckling and observes her fawn getting te ma- 
turity, she deserts it and repairs to other hills, fearing that her own 
issue might entertain an improper affection for herself. Animals do 
not confuse the ties of consanguinity, the horse excepted. The 
stallion, however, when he does commit incest with his mother, soon 
after dies. The doe deprives her offspring of the opportunity by 
setting a distance between herself and fawn ; for she deserts it and 
betakes herself afar.” 
I have lately examined the type specimens in the Paris Museum of 
Cervus pseudaxis, and I am convinced that they belong to the For- 
mosan species. 
76. Cervus (Rusa) swinuort. (Swinhoe’s Deer.) 
Cervus (Rusa) swinhoii, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1862, p. 152, pl. xvii. ; 
Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 364. 
In the central ranges of Formosa near Mount Morrison this brown 
deer is very common ; and on a visit I paid to the wild tribes of these 
parts in February 1866 I found them hunting the Deer with dogs*. 
A place is cleared in the forest, where a party of men hide armed with 
matchlocks; the dogs yelp after the deer and drive them into the 
open, where the hidden sportsmen get easy shots at them. The son 
of the chief with whom I was staying had just returned from a suc- 
cessful battue with the robust antlers and flesh of a large buck. I 
induced him to return for the head, which he had thrown away on 
the field. I was thus enabled to secure a fine skull for the British 
Museum. 
The young of this species about half-grown is reddish brown, 
with the tail bushy and black, but reddish at its root. Sides of the 
body paler, and the belly blackish brown. Legs pale towards the 
hoofs ; the latter black. Under surface of tail, abdomen, and inner 
sides of hind legs down to middle of shank yellowish white, the breast 
and belly being blackish brown. Under surface of head and neck 
mottled whitey brown. Crown of the head with many of the hairs 
tipped with black ; from the occiput a dark line runs down to the base 
of the tail. Ears blackish brown, tipped and margined with ochreous 
white, and whitish on their insides. 
The adult, in summer, has its coarse hair deep brown, faintly mot- 
tled, rufous on the rump; between the fore legs and the thighs 
ochreous white ; tail bushy and dark. In winter it becomes a deeper 
brown. The Society’s Gardens have had two or three examples of 
* The Dogs in the possession of these aborigines were of the ordinary Chinese 
breed procured from the colonists. 
