650 MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23, 
wild natives did not use them except for food ; and it is not likely 
that they could have conveyed domestic cattle in the small canoes 
by which they straggled to Formosa. If they had, we should expect 
to find some peculiar breed, whereas, as our author tells us, they 
‘* were not different from (South-China) domestic cattle.’ Toshow 
that they were derived from the Chinese breed, we should have to 
believe that the Chinese had earlier communication with the island 
than their records declare. I take it, then, that the wild Formosan 
Cow was indigenous to Formosa, and of the same species that ranged 
throughout South China, from which the present domestic cattle of 
the south are derived. I have not heard of its being found wild in 
the present day in China; and in Formosa the wild race has almost, 
if not quite, disappeared. In the central mountains they are kept ina 
semi-wild state, and from there I procured the skulls of an adult male 
and female and alive bull. The bull I had photographed and now 
exhibit its portrait (fig. 6, p. 648) ; and the skulls are deposited in the 
British Museum. The figure shows a better and stronger build than 
ordinary South-China Cattle possess, and proves the two to be of the 
same race. The Chinese have done little to improve their breed of 
cattle ; and you may see this kind in the country from Canton to 
Ningpo unchanged in form or shape of horns, but, as a rule, a 
little smaller and more degenerate than the wilder animals from the 
Formosan mountains. The skull of the bull (figs. 7 & 8) measures 
19°5 inches in length; the horns are somewhat conical, measure 
8 inches in length each, and stand outwards and backwards. The 
animal is a rich chestnut-brown with whitish underparts and feet. 
Its horns and hoofs are black. 
I have never heard of the Buffalo occurring wild in either China 
or Formosa. The domestic variety, used as a beast of burden by 
the Chinese, is short-horned and apparently the same breed as 
that found in Manilla. 
EDENTATA. 
79. MANIS DALMANNI, Sundevall. (Scaly Ant-eater.) 
Manis (Pholidotus) dalmanni, Gray, P. Z.S. 1865, p. 366; 
Swinhoe, Zoologist, 1858, p. 6224; P. Z.S. 1864, p. 381. 
In June 1867, at Amoy, I purchased a family of Scaly Anteaters, 
consisting of the mother and father and three little ones. The old 
ones had dim watery eyes and were rather slow in their movements, 
walking on the sides of the hind feet and on the tips of the claws of 
the fore feet. The young were brighter-eyed and active, running 
about the room in all directions, standing on their hind legs and as- 
suming a variety of curious positions; but their habit of walking 
was essentially the same asin the adults. I kept them all alive for 
some days; but I never heard them utter any cry, not even a moan. 
The adult male measured in entire length 33°25 inches; tail 13°5; 
tip of nose to upper corner of ear 3°1 ; height of ear 1-1; across head 
from ear to ear 2; anterior corner of eye to tip of nose 1°9; breadth 
of eye ‘5; breadth of gape °9, of muzzle *7, of nose *5; length of 
sole of hind foot 2°4, greatest breadth 1°4; length of middle claw of 
fore foot 2°1. 
