94 



NATURE 



[July 21, 19 10 



each case by an abstract which enables a comparison to be 

 made for the first time of the various sources of income 

 and the main heads of expenditure in the various institu- 

 tions. 



The returns under the different heads of income and 

 expenditure are summarised in an appendix, and this is the 

 first time that a comparative statement has been possible of 

 the sources from which the several English universities 

 and university colleges and the Welsh university colleges 

 draw their income, and of the main headings of their 

 expenditure. 



From Table I. it will be seen that the actual total annual 

 income of the English universities and university colleges 

 under review exceeds half a million, some 26 per cent, of 



3J per cent, is derived from the fees of students and less 

 than 8 per cent, from endowments. 



Table II. shows how the income is expended upon 

 administration, upkeep, and teaching. It will be seen that 

 two-thirds of the whole expenditure is devotedi to the 

 remuneration of the teaching staff and the accessories cf 

 teaching, while 20 per cent, is expended on administration 

 and in the maintenance of buildings; but this figure is 

 unsatisfactory, because there is no means under the present 

 form of the return by which expenditure upon the provision 

 of buildings and equipment can be separated from mainten- 

 ance. When this separation can be made, a comparison 

 will be possible of the expenditure of the various institu- 

 tions upon the main heads of teaching, administration, 



Table III. — Analysis ok Returns of Students under Instruction, 190S-9 



ilty or College 



i§ 



ll.fj 



rt *: > 



Total Number 



Day 



(8) 



Evening 



(9) 



Birmingham 

 Bristol ... . 



Liverpool 



Manchester 



.Sheffield 



London: University College .. 



King's College 



Bedford College 



School of Economics 



Newcastle : Armstrong College 



Nottingham 



Reading 



Southampton : Hartley College 



Totals — England .. 

 Wales 



Aberystwyth 



Bangor 



Cardiff .. . 



Totals— Wales 



167 



45.'; 

 125 



617 

 794 



519 

 520 



172 



175 

 248 



211 



90 

 73 



55 

 (12) 



165 



(3«) 

 iS 



(6) 



175 



31 



30S 



126 



28 



96 



9 



5 



13 



4 



245 

 241 



230 

 252 



59 



So 



ic8 



53 

 204 

 ISO 

 113 



756 



442 



657 



997 

 1,167 



255 

 1,225 

 1,040 



229 



274(?) 

 407 



377 



345 



210 



228 



413 



(287) 



508 



(233) 



147 



618 



{199) 



1,634 



(1.390) 



250 



(27) 



732 



(381) 



128 



l,0O3(?) 



999 



(7«i) 



1,986 



(1.737) 



888 



(625) 



49S 



(484) 



984 



1,144 

 1,586 



357 

 274 

 625 



287 

 233 



199 



1.39° 



27 



381 



1,003 

 781 



1.737 



625 



4S4 



439 

 273 



463 



I.I7S 



144 i 48 1 

 no ! 293 



191 i 543 



573 

 330 

 609 



501 

 64 



400 



297 



2,500 



+ 372 



Soo 



+ 705 



8,381 I 10,032 ; 11,266 I 7,147 . 5,639 



— I 128 

 398 



526 



which comes from the exchequer, and some 16 per cent, 

 from local education authorities, while 32 per cent, is in the 

 nature of fees of students, and nearly 15 per cent, arises 

 from endowments. 



In the case of the Welsh colleges, the total annual income 

 exceeds fifty thousand pounds. Of this total above 39 per 

 cent, comes from the exchequer, and next year, when the 

 additional grant of 13,500;.' voted for the session igog-io 

 comes into account, this percentage will be considerably 

 increased. The local education authorities in Wales con- 

 tiibute about 8 per cent, of the total income, while some 



1 An additional sum of 1.500/. a year is payable to the University of 

 Wales as distinct from its Colleges' "for an extension of the existing 

 schemes of Fellowships in Arts and Science." 



NO. 2125, VOL. 84] 



provision and maintenance of buildings, and equipment ; 

 and of each with the expenditure of all. The returns show 

 that each English university and university college, with 

 two exceptions, has a superannuation scheme towards 

 which funds are allocated, and of these two exceptions, one 

 (.Armstrong College, Newcastle) has since the date of the 

 return established a satisfactory scheme. The Welsh 

 colleges have at present no superannuation scheme. 



Table III. presents an analysis of the returns of students 

 under instruction in England during the session 1908-9, the 

 figures containpd in the tables under the various headings 

 being obtained from the information supplied by the 

 authorities of the universities and university colleges con- 

 cerned. It is certain that this return is not in all respects 



