472 



NATURE 



[October 5, 191 1 



ill to avert disaster to men, crops, and animals. Mr. 

 Malinowski's paper on the economic influence of the 

 Intichiuma ceremonies opened up an interesting field of 

 research by suggesting that in the totemic ceremonies of 

 the Australian tribes we may find the educative influence 

 which led man first to overcome the primitive reluctance 

 to systematic, continuous, or periodic organised effort 

 which is the essential feature of economic labour. 



In physical anthropology, Prof. C. J. Patten communi- 

 cated further results of investigations of division of the 

 parietal bone in the crania of certain Primates. A group 

 of papers was offered by Prof. Arthur Keith describing a 

 cranium of Cro-Magnon type from Dartford, a second 

 skeleton from Galley Hill, and fossil bones of man dis- 

 covered by Colonel Willoughby Verner in a cave near 

 Ronda, in Spain. These papers, in conjunction with a 

 paper by Mr. R. R. Marett on the excavation of caves 

 in Jersey, in which Mousterian implements were found 

 associated with remains of Pleistocene mammals, and 

 human teeth which Prof. Keith regards, on morphological 

 grounds, as belonging to the most primitive human type 

 yet known, gave rise to an interesting discussion on the 

 antiquity of man. 



In addition to the paper by Mr. Marett, the archaeo- 

 logical papers included three papers on American archaeo- 

 logy. These were a short account by Mr. Warren K. 

 Moorehead of the classification of American types of arte- 

 facts made by a committee of the American Association 

 and of the Anthropological Society, a description of the 

 paintings in the Temple of the Tiger at Chichen Itza by 

 Miss A. C. Breton, and a comprehensive account of the 

 present position of archaeological study in Peru by the 

 same author. 



The study of British archaeology was represented by 

 papers by the Rev. Dr. Irving on further finds of horse 

 and other prehistoric mammalian remains at Bishop's 

 Stortford ; by Mr. T. Davies Pryce on excavations on a 

 Roman fortified post on the Nottinghamshire Fosseway, 

 covering the excavations of iqio and 191 1 ; an ex- 

 haustive summary of our knowledge of prehistoric man 

 in Hampshire, by Mr. W. Dale; and a suggestive paper 

 by Mr. O. G. S. Crawfurd on the early Bronze age in 

 Britain, in which he endeavoured to trace the main lines 

 of communication and indicate the chief centres of popula- 

 tion from a study of geographical conditions and the 

 distribution of Bronze age finds. A paper by Mr. A. L. 

 Lewis entitled " Dolmens or Cromlechs," in which the 

 author, as the result of comparative study of a large 

 number of stone monuments, arrived at the conclusion 

 that these were not the work of one race, but rather a 

 phase of culture through which many races have passed, 

 was especially interesting on account of its variance from 

 the conclusion of Prof. Elliot Smith in his paper on the 

 relations and influence of the Egyptians under the ancient 

 Empire. The latter attempted to explain the distribu- 

 tion of megalithic monuments by the hypothesis that they 

 were introduced into European culture by the Armenoid 

 population in Egypt, of which he had found traces. 

 The Armenoid or Celtic peoples who invaded Europe 

 through the Balkan Peninsula, although they had 

 acquired the use of metal from contact with the Egyptians 

 in Asia, did not build megalithic monuments, because they 

 were not acquainted with Egyptian methods of architecture. 

 Egyptian archaeology was further represented by papers 

 from Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie on his recent discoveries 

 of Roman portraits at Hawara, and Mr. G. A. Wain- 

 wrighl's paper on his important discovery of iron beads 

 of pre-dynastic date in unplundered graves at El-Gerzeh. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Glasgow. — The appointments made to the new (hairs 

 in the medical faculty in connection with the clinical school 

 at the Royal Infirmary are as follows : — St. Mungo chair 

 of pathology, Dr. John A. Teacher; Muirhead chair of 

 obstetrics and gynaecology, Dr. John M. Munro Kerr; 

 Muirhead cha : r of medicine, Dr. Waller K. Hunter ; St. 

 Mungo chair of surgery, Dr. Robert Kennedy. 



NO. 2l88, VOL. 87] 



Mr. A. J. Grove, 1851 Exhibition scholar, has been 

 appointed supernumerary entomologist to the Indian Agri- 

 cultural Service at Pusa, under the Indian Government. 



The foundation-stone of a new wing for the applied 

 science department of Sheffield University was laid on 

 September 28 by Judge Denman Benson. The buildings 

 of the applied science department have become crowded, 

 and the Drapers' Company has given 15,000!. for 

 extensions. The total cost will be nearly 40,000/., and 

 towards this the sum of more than 8000/. is still required. 



It has been reported to the executive committee of 

 Ruskin College, Oxford, that the late Mr. C. S. Buxton, 

 formerly vice-principal of the college, son of Mr. Sydney 

 C. Buxton, President of the Board of Trade, has be 

 queathed to the college the sum of 5000I. unconditionally. 

 It is proposed to name the lecture-room in the new college 

 buildings " The Buxton Hall," and a suitable memorial 

 tablet will be erected. 



The programme of lectures and discussions arranged by 

 the Child Study Society, London, for October-December 

 includes the following : — October 19, " Co-education during 

 Adolescence," Dr. A. Beresford Kingsford ; November 2, 

 "Psychology and Grammar," H. Holman ; November 9, 

 " Psychology of Speech," Prof. W. Rippmann ; November 

 23, " Psychology of Reading," T. G. Tibbey ; December 7, 

 " Psychology of Mathematics," Dr. W. Brown. 



At the Sir John Cass Technical Institute, E.C., to- 

 morrow, October 6, the inaugural lecture of a course on 

 colloids will be given by Mr. E. Hatschek, his subject 

 being " The Properties of Colloids and their Relation to 

 Industrial Processes." On Tuesday, October 10, Mr. 

 Hugh Abbot will give an inaugural lecture on the 

 fermentation industries, entitled " A Review of Modern 

 Practice in the Bottled Beer Trade"; and on Monday, 

 October 16, Mr. J. S. S. Brame will lecture on " Coal for 

 Steam Raising : its Purchase on a Scientific Basis and its 

 Economic Use," being the inaugural lecture of the courses 

 on fuel. 



Attention has been directed already (August 10 and 

 September 21) to the new arrangements for the session 

 1911-12 at University College, London, in the faculties of 

 engineering and medical sciences. The recent issue of the 

 complete calendar of the college makes it possible to add 

 to the information in the note referred to. The organisa- 

 tion of the department of applied statistics is being com- 

 pleted, and it now includes the Galton laboratory for 

 national eugenics and the Drapers' Company biometric 

 laboratory, under the direction of Prof. Karl Pearson, 

 F.R.S. In the faculty of engineering a new lectureship in 

 heating and ventilating engineering has been instituted. 



The Home Universities Committee held a meeting at 

 the University of London on September 29 to arrange the 

 subjects for discussion at the Congress of the Universities 

 of the Empire to be held next summer. Each of the 

 universities of the United Kingdom was represented by its 

 Vice-Chancellor or his deputy, and various representatives 

 from Government offices were also present. The sugges- 

 tions received from overseas universities in response to the 

 communications sent after the last meeting of the Home 

 Universities Committee, and the report of a preliminary 

 Conference of Canadian Universities, were considered. 

 Some of the more important topics for discussion were 

 decided upon, and the committee appointed a subcom- 

 mittee to draw up a programme for the consideration of 

 the full committee, which will meet again on November 4. 

 A draft paper of subjects which the committee sent out in 

 November last includes the following topics : — (1) university 

 organisation ; (2) universities in their relations to teachers 

 and undergraduate students ; (3) universities in their rela- 

 tion to post-graduate and research work ; (4) universities in 

 their relation 10 schools and to other agencies for higher 

 education. 



The regulations for the establishment of a post-graduatffl 

 scholarship in naval architecture, offered by the Royal 

 Commissioners for the Exhibition of 185 1 , have just been 

 issued by the Institution of Naval Architects. Candidates 

 for the scholarship must be British subjects under the age 

 of thirty who have passed with marked distinction through 



