October 12, 1911] 



NATURE 



493 



cfll, from a fund left by the late Sir T. Hanbury, brother 

 of the late Mr. Daniel Hanbury, of whom the medal is 

 a memorial. The council of the Pharmaceutical Society 

 are the trustees of the fund, and the adjudicators the re- 

 spective presidents of the Linnean, Chemical, and Pharma- 

 ceutical Societies and of the British Pharmaceutical Con- 

 ference, together with Mr. Walter Hills. M. Leger is a 

 member of the committee of revision of the French 

 Pharmacopoeia, and his work in connection with the 

 chemistry of the active constituents of drugs is well known. 

 A short time ago M. Linger was elected an honorary member 

 of the Pharmaceutical Society. 



The trustees of Lake Forest University, Illinois, send 

 particulars of the second decennial prize of 6000 dollars on 

 the Bross Foundation. The prize was founded in 1879 by 

 William Bross, of Chicago, as a permanent memorial of 

 his son, Nathaniel Bross, who had died in 1856. Its 

 object is to stimulate the production of the best books or 

 treatises " on the connection, relation, and mutual bearing 

 of any practical science, or the history of our race, or the 

 facts in any department of knowledge, with and upon the 

 Christian religion." The scope of the gift is so com- 

 prehensive that any phase of science, of literature, of 

 human history, or of modern life that may throw light 

 upon the Christian religion, or upon any phase of the same 

 as it is received by the great body of Christian believers, 

 would be a fitting theme for a book offered in the competi- 

 tion. The prize will be given to the author of the best 

 book on any of the lines above indicated which may be 

 presented on or before January 1, 1915. The manuscripts, 

 accompanied by a sealed envelope containing the name of 

 the writer, must be sent on or before the above date 

 addressed to the President of Lake Forest College, Lake 

 Forest, Illinois. It is requested that no manuscript be 

 sent in before October 1, 1914. A copy of the circular 

 containing all the essential conditions made by the deed 

 of gift, or any further information desired as to this com- 

 petition, may be obtained on application to President John 

 S. Nollen, Lake Forest, Illinois. 



A lecture on " Emotions and Morals " was delivered on 

 October 4 by Dr. William Brown at the inauguration of 

 the new session at King's College, London. In the course 

 of his address, Dr. Brown said that modern theories of 

 ethics are finding it more and more necessary to take 

 account of the psychological nature of man in formulating 

 their moral ideal. This is particularly the case with respect 

 to the emotional side of consciousness, since it is in the 

 emotions that all values reside. After rapidly reviewing 

 the more important modern theories held as to the nature 

 of the emotions, and their classification under the two 

 main headings of simple and complex, and showing by a 

 detailed analysis that love and hate are not emotions, but 

 systems of emotional dispositions dominated by a fixed idea, 

 he proceeded to sketch out the modern theory of values 

 in its most general form, and to show (after Ribot) that 

 the feelings have a logic of their own, distinct from, and 

 not necessarily inferior to, that of pure reason, and that 

 the logical primacy of pure reason over feeling, though 

 generally held by the classical philosophers, is not by any 

 means complete. In a digression on the psychology of 

 music he discussed the intellectual " arabesque " theory of 

 Hanslick and the more generally accepted emotional theory 

 to which Schopenhauer and all the great creative musicians 

 have subscribed, and stated his own view that music 

 expresses a system of emotions sui generis, but in dynamic 

 relation with the ordinary emotions, and is therefore of 

 ethical importance. The imperative of duty may be ex- 

 NO. 2189, VOL. 87] 



pressed in the form, " Seek always the highest good," 

 which would seem to be personality for ourselves and 

 others. 



The Times of October 4 announces the death, in 

 September, at Bandra, a suburb of Bombay, of Lieut. - 

 Colonel A. S. G. Jayakar, late of the Indian Medical 

 Service, who when stationed at Muscat — latterly as surgeon- 

 general — collected and presented to the British Museum 

 during the last two decades of the nineteenth century a 

 number of specimens of mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes 

 indigenous to the Oman district of south-eastern Arabia 

 and the adjacent sea. When describing the mammals in 

 1S94 (Proc. Zool. Soc), Mr. Thomas remarked that 

 Colonel Jayakar 's collection was the first ever received 

 from that district ; it included a new and small species of 

 thar (Hemitragus jayakeri), a genus of wild goats 

 previously known only from India, and a new hare, while 

 it also showed that the range of the Syrian hyrax extended 

 to Oman. The birds included a new eagle-owl, described 

 by Dr. Sharpe in The Ibis for 1886, and a new bee-eater, 

 figured by Mr. Dresser in his monograph of that group. 

 A fine skeleton of the short-beaked sword-fish (Histio- 

 phorus brevirostris), exhibited in the fish gallery at the 

 British Museum (Natural History), was the gift of Colonel 

 Jayakar, although there is no intimation of that fact on 

 the descriptive label. Colonel Jayakar was born in 

 Bombay in 1845, where he received the first part of his 

 education; in 1867 he came to London, where, after taking 

 the degrees of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P., he entered the 

 Indian Medical Service, to which but few natives had been 

 admitted up to that date. The greater part of his service 

 was passed as residency surgeon at Muscat, where he re- 

 mained for thirty years. 



We regret to announce the death of Dr. Joseph Bell, 

 one of Edinburgh's distinguished surgeons. He was born 

 in Edinburgh in 1837, educated at the Academy and Uni- 

 versity, and graduated M.D. in 1859, becoming soon after- 

 wards resident house-surgeon under Prof. Syme. He thus 

 followed the family tradition, for his father, grandfather, 

 and great-grandfather had been surgeons. Dr. Bell became 

 a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 

 1863 ; in the same year he commenced to teach systematic 

 surgery, and in the following year operative surgery. These 

 courses were continued, with growing success, until 1878, 

 when Dr. Bell was appointed senior acting surgeon in the 

 Royal Infirmary. On his retirement he was made consult- 

 ing surgeon, an appointment which he held to the last. 

 Dr. Bell was one of the originators of the Royal Edinburgh 

 Hospital for Incurables, and was surgeon to this, to the 

 Eye Hospital, and the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 

 and consulting surgeon to many medical institutions in the 

 city. He was the author of a manual of the operations 

 of surgery, of useful notes on surgery for nurses, and of 

 papers, describing some of his most interesting cases, pub- 

 lished in The Edinburgh Medical Journal, of which he was 

 editor for twenty-three years. For many years Dr. Bell 

 was examiner in surgery in the Royal College of Surgeons, 

 Edinburgh ; for some time he was honorary treasurer, and 

 later, for a period of six years, president, an office which 

 his father had held twenty years previously. Dr. Bell was 

 a man of strong and sympathetic personality, and was 

 highly esteemed in the community in which he worked so 

 zealously. He possessed to a remarkable degree the power 

 of keen perception and of quick deductive reasoning ; hi; 

 surprising deductions from apparently trivial details sug- 

 gested to Sir A. Conan Doyle, who was a student under 

 Dr. Bell, the character of Sherlock Holmes. 



