INTRODUCTION. 
HE object of this little “manual” is to enable a 
novice to collect, identify, and arrange systemati- 
cally the various shells—both land and freshwater—which 
abound in every part of these islands. 
Remembering the difficulties that I at first encountered 
in identifying the various species, I have paid special 
attention to those which are likely to present themselves 
to other beginners. 
To this end I have framed synoptical tables of the 
differences between those species of Zonites and Vertigo 
which are most closely allied. | 
I have also shown in a tabular form the relations the 
different classes, orders, and genera bear to one another. 
I have taken as a model the “ British Conchology ” of 
Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys—our highest authority on the subject. 
I am also indebted to Forbes and Hanley’s work, Mr. 
Rimmer’s excellent book, to Mr. T. Rogers of Manchester, 
and to several others for many useful facts and hints. 
With the exception of the Pupee and Vertigos, which I 
have myself enlarged from actual specimens, the plates 
B 
