PUPA. 77 
traneous matter is not suitable for attachment (as in 
the calcareous districts of Derbyshire), the shell is 
found clean and smooth in the crevices of rocks. 
Though often met with in hedge-banks among damp 
moss and earth, it never occurs in any quantities. 
Var. alba. White or colourless. 
Genus VI—PUpa. 
1. P. sEcALE (a@ grain of rye). 
Globosely conical, solid, opaque, rufous brown; regularly 
striate in the line of growth; whorls eight to nine; mouth 
horseshoe-shaped, furnished with eight or nine white 
ridges having the appearance of teeth. 
There is no mistaking this species. It is far the 
largest of our Pupe. Though local, it is abundant 
where it occurs—on rocks, in woods, chiefly in cal- 
careous districts in England and South Wales, but 
not in Ireland or Scotland. 
Var. I. alba. White. 
Var. II. Botleausiana. “It is distinguished from 
the type by its smaller size, the larger plication being 
always double, and by the presence of a prominent 
additional fold at the angle of the columella.” 
Var. ILI. edentula. Smaller and thinner, smooth 
and glossy, tooth-like processes absent. 
