140 DR. J. ANDERSON ON MANOURIA AND SCAPIA. [Feb. 6, 



Testudo emys, Miiller & Schlegel. 



Testudo emys, Miiller & Schlegel, Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Rept. 

 1839, xliv. pp. 30, 34, tab. 4. 



Manouria fusca, Grav, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 133 ; Ann. & 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855, vol. xv. p. 68 ; Cat. Shield Rept. 1855, p. 16 ; 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 395, pi. xxxi. 



Geoemyda spinosa, Gray (in part), Cat. Shield Rept. p. 16. 



Testudo phayrei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxii. p. 639, 

 1853, xl. p. 77. 



Teleopus luxatus, Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. p. 187, 

 1854. 



Manouria emys, Miiller & Schlegel ; Giinther, Rept. Brit. India, 

 1864, p. 10. 



Manouria emys, M. & S. ; Theobald, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. x. 

 p. 10; Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Bengal, 1868, p. 9. 



Testudo indica, Theobald, Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Bengal, 1868, p. 8. 



Testudo (Scapia) falconeri, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, pp. 167, 

 169-171, fig. 1 ; Suppl. Cat. Shield Rept. 1870, pp. 6-8, fig. 1. 



Shell slightly depressed, somewhat flattened over the second and 

 third vertebral plates. The gular plates project a little beyond the 

 anterior margin of the shell. The extremities of the anals reach 

 close to the middle of the caudals, and are at a slightly higher level 

 than the extremities of the latter plates. The anterior third of the 

 sternum is bent upwards and forwards, the direction of the gular 

 plates being well forwards. The first, second, and third anterior 

 marginal plates are slightly upturned, and the ninth and tenth are 

 also turned upwards, the external half of each caudal being more or 

 less concave. The anterior and posterior margins in the foregoing 

 localities are slightly sinuous. 



The nuchal plate is somewhat variable, but generally, when viewed 

 internally, is unguiculate, as broad as long, concave from side to side, 

 and convex from before backwards, and slightly upturned in front ; 

 from without, it is much broader than long, its anterior margin 

 slightly projecting, and feebly reverted. All the vertebral plates, 

 with the exception of the fifth, are hexagonal, and all are broader 

 than long, the second and third considerably so. The nuchal mar- 

 gin of the first vertebral is the narrowest, and is contained about three 

 times in the posterior border of the plate. The suture with the first 

 marginal is half the dimension of the posterior margin of the plate, 

 and its lateral border is about one-sixth the length of the latter less 

 than it. In some the lateral margins of the first vertebral plate 

 diverge from behind forwards, so that the plate is broader in front 

 than behind, while in others they are nearly parallel. The anterior 

 lateral margins of the second vertebral are each contained two and 

 a half times in its anterior margin, and the posterior lateral margins 

 are each half as extensive as the posterior margin of the plate. The 

 anterior and posterior sutures of the third vertebral are equal ; and 

 the anterior and posterior lateral margins are also equal, and each 

 half the breadth of the first-mentioned sutures. The fourth verte- 



