158 



MR. A. SANDERS ON LIOLEPIS BELLI. 



[Feb. (i, 



terior apophysis of the pterygoid for its whole length. If the os qua- 

 dratum is the homologue of the malleus, as Prof. Huxley proved* in 

 a paper published in the ' Proceedings' of this Society for 18G9, and 

 not of the incus as was formerly supposed, this position is strengthened; 

 for although it is not actually inserted iuto the quadrate bone, yet 

 it is closely connected to it by alveolar tissue ; moreover in the Turkey 

 I fouud a corresponding muscle described by Prof. Owen as the 

 entotympanicus, which is actually attached to the bone in question. 

 Digastric arises from the point of junction of the three bones, 

 squamosal, parietal, and quadrate ; it is fleshy throughout, and is in- 

 serted into the articular element of the mandible. 



Fie. 3. 



Deep layer of muscles on the side of body, the os quadratum and part, of the 

 mandible removed ; above pt is the tensor tynipani? 



Trapezius (figs. 2 & 3) is a thin muscular layer extending from 

 the anterior end of the neck, as far back as to the eleventh vertebra in- 

 clusive ; the anterior part is situated beneath the neuro-maudibular, 

 and arises with that muscle from the border of the complexus ; the 

 fibres of this part proceed downward and backward, and are inserted 

 into a point on the anterior surface of the dorsal extremity of the 

 clavicle close to its articulatiou with the scapula, occupying one 

 quarter of its length. The posterior section of this muscle arises from 

 the spinous processes of the vertebrae from the seventh to the 

 eleventh inclusive, by means of a thin aponeurosis : the posterior 

 portion overlaps the latissimus dorsi ; its fibres pass downward and 

 forward and are inserted into the posterior edge of the clavicle, coin- 

 ciding with the extent of its articulatiou with the scapula and to the 

 anterior border of the suprascapula for nearly half its length. 



Latissimus dorsi (figs. 2 & o) arises from an aponeurosis covering 

 the back, which is attached to the spinous processes of thirteen 

 vertebrae, from the sixth to the eighteenth inclusive ; the aponeurosis 



* T. Z. S. 1869, p. 391. 



