192 



MR. J. W. CLARK ON THE VISCERAL 



[Feb. 20, 



parts. They are very small and few in number in A ; and there are 

 no peptic glands among them. There are no villi upon the large valve 

 in A. In B they are largest and most numerous, interspersed with 

 here and there a few mucous glands. In C they are numerous, dis- 

 posed in lines that cross the divisions obliquely, but they are not 

 large. In D there are no villi, but tubular peptic glands, like those 

 ordinarily found in that portion of a stomach which secretes the 

 gastric fluid, as in the "abomasus" of a Ruminant. 



I have been describing the stomach according to my own speci- 

 men ; but when I came to examine that of the male that died in the 

 Gardens last year, and which is now preserved in the Museum of 

 the Royal College of Surgeons, I found the most remarkable differ- 

 ence of arrangement. Professor Flower has most kindly allowed me 

 to make a sketch of it (fig. fi), which will explain my meaning at a 



Fig. 6. 



Stomach of Hippopotamus, drawn from the specimen in the Museum of the 



Royal College of Surgeons. 



The letters denote the same parts as in figures 4 and 5. 



glance. It will be seen that the divisions B and D, instead of being 

 directed downwards, are directed upwards ; the passage at the point 

 H is on the under instead of on the upper border ; and at the pylorus 

 there is a crescentic valve succeeded by a wide portion of intestine, 

 which presently becomes thickened and contracted, suddenly instead 

 of gradually. An arrangement such as this would seem to be im- 

 plied by Peters's phrase, " a stomach with three divisions externally 

 and four internally," which he observed in an adult. The arrange- 

 ment indicated in Gratiolet's figure, which I have reproduced (fig. 7), 

 is intermediate between the two. Division B is not bent upon itself 

 at all, but lies parallel to C ; while D is more globular in shape, and 



