1872.] SIR V. BROOKE ON THE ROYAL ANTELOPE. 641 



1734. Cerva parvula (part.), Seba, Thesaurus, pi. 43. figs. 1-3 A, 

 13. 



1740. C. pedibus digito &c, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2nd edit. 



1754. Capra perpusilla, Linn. Mus. Adolph. Frid. p. 12. 



1758. Capra pygmcea, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th edit. 



1764. Chevrotain (part.), Buff. Hist. Nat. vol. xii. p. 341, pi. 43. 

 figs. 3-6. 



1766. Moschus pygmceus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th edit. p. 92. 



1767. Antilope 'pygmcea, Pallas, Spic. Zool. fasc. xii. p. 18. 

 1771. Royal Antelope, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. pp. 28, 19. 

 1777. Antilope regia, Erxl. Syst. Reg. An. p. 278. 



1781. Royal Antelope, Peun. Hist. Quad. p. 72. 



1789. Moschus pygmceus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 173. 



1806. A. pygmcea, Turt. ed. Syst. Nat. p. 115. 



1820. Moschus pygmceus, Desmarest, Mamm. p. 428. 



1829. A. pygmcea, Fisch. Syn. p. 469. 



1835. Antilope spinigera, Temm. Monogr. Mamm. i. p. xxx (desc. 

 nulla). 



1844. Nanotragus spiniger, Suud. Pecora, p. 191. 



1847. Nanotragus spiniger vel perpusillus, Sund. Pec. App. ii. 

 p. 308. 



1850. Nanotragus regius, Gray, Knows. Menag. p. 12. 



1850. Nanotragus perpusillus, Gray, P. Z. S. p. 126. 



1852. Nanotragus perpusillus, Gray, Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 89. 



1853. Calotragus spiniger, Temm. Esq. Zool. p. 201. 

 1855. Antilope spinigera, Wagn. Saugeth. p. 416. 



II. Remarks on the Natural Affinities of N. pygmseus. 



The following important characters connect N. pygmceus with 

 seven or eight species which together form a natural group, the value 

 of which appears to me to be substantially not more than generic. 



Horns rising immediately above the postorbital process of the 

 frontal bone, and well in front of the fronto-parietal suture, which is 

 nearly straight. Suborbital fossa large, suddenly pressed in before 

 the orbit, and extending forward along the superior maxillary. Ante- 

 orbital vacuity present but small. Brain-case considerably prolonged 

 backwards. Auditory bulla large and smooth externally, no septa 

 internally. The portion of the tympanic bone which forms the ex- 

 ternal auditory meatus (owing to the large size of the bulla) coils 

 back upon itself with a remarkably shell- like whorl. Paroccipital 

 process pressed against the posterior wall of the bulla, a considerable 

 portion of the mastoid being visible externally between the posttym- 

 panic process of the squamosal and the paroccipital ; basioccipital 

 raised into a low median ridge, with two imperfectly developed an- 

 terior tubercles. Nasals of moderate length. Crown of the head 

 smooth ; naked portion of the muzzle small. False hoofs small or 

 absent. Duct, or ducts, for the escape of the secretion of the sub- 

 orbital gland small in comparison with the size of the gland. 



Proc. Zool. Soc— 1872, No. XLI. 



