772 dr. j. murie on MACAcus cyclopis. [June 18, 



Whether any of the undermentioned really allude to Mr. Swinhoe's 

 animals I know not ; but the description is so droll as to be worth 

 quoting as a footnote*. 



In the recent B. M. Cataloguef, Dr. Gray ambiguously places 

 M. cyclopia under M. rhesus, again adding it as a separate species 

 in the Appendix %. 



Dr. Sclater § once suggested that good points of distinction might 

 present themselves when the specimen was more narrowly examined, 

 but lately || quite discards such a notion. Commenting on the M. 

 lasiotis as a Rhesus with its tail chopped off, he observes, respecting 

 Mr. Swinhoe's Chinese Monkeys, M. cyclopis, Inuus sancti-johannis, 

 and M. rhesus, from Hainan : — " My own opinion is, that none of 

 these supposed species, any more than M. lasiotis, are yet proved to 

 be really well established as specifically distinct from M. rhesus." 



My examination of the skeletons of the type specimens of J\£. cy- 

 clopis enables me to demonstrate characters certainly differing from 

 those of the ordinary Rhesus Monkey. 



Of the two animals which lived in the Gardens, it was observed 

 that when the female arrived at maturity, the callosities and the 

 region generally at the root of the tail became extremely developed. 

 Indeed, at certain times, the buttocks &c. acquired such hideous 

 proportions, that it was necessary, for decency's sake, to remove her 

 from the public gaze. When this unlooked-for phenomenon, equiva- 

 lent to menstruation in the human being, first occurred, my atten- 



* The Hwatso is a fabulous animal, and consequently an object of supersti- 

 tion. " In the Yaoukwang hills are animals whose exterior appearance is like 

 a Mehow, with human face and hog's bristles. During the winter they dwell 

 in caves." [Mr. Swinhoe notes that Macacus cyclopis " seems to be quite a rock- 

 loving animal, seeking the shelter of caves during the greater part of the day."] 

 " They are called Hwatso ; their cry is like cut water ; and when seen they are 

 ominous of a conscription. The ' cut water ' probably refers to the noise of a 

 mill. The expression ' yaou yih ' in the text appears to imply the power that 

 the Chinese, in common with other despotic Asiatic governments, have of forcing 

 people to work for them. Yih is literally ' police runners to send out,' &c." 



" The Yew are like the Mehow, and of a deep yellow and black colour ; their 

 tails are several cubits long, like an Otter's, but have no tufts. When they 

 scent the dew ascending to form rain, they then suspend themselves from a tree 

 by means of their tails, to fill their nostrils with it, or else by both feet. In 

 Keantung they call them carriers, Wuhkeen." — p. 38. 



" The Gaou are said to inhabit the Lunseen hills, to be like an ape, with long 

 arms, to be good for killing, and called Gaou." — p. 34. " The Yuen's arms, 

 when cut through at the thick part, can be made into flutes rounder than reeds. 

 They are of the Monkey tribe, having long legs, and are good whistlers, given to 

 dragging things about, whence their name is derived from the character ' yuen,' 

 to drag or lead." — p. 36. 



" The Jen are like the common Monkey (how), with green body and dark 

 jaws ; they have black whiskers ; their paws are also black. They are naturally 

 very fond of their whiskers, and dote on their species, living and dying together ; 

 on which account, if one can be got at, a hundred may be killed. Men shoot them 

 with poisoned arrows ; the shot animal's companions draw out the arrow in 

 order to wound themselves, and die with one another." They are also called 

 Kwojen. (Vide Morrison, 'Diet. Chin, and Engl.' part ii. vol. i. p. 321, 4to, 

 Macao.)— Ibid. Birch, 1840, p. 36. 



t Of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats, 1870, p. 31. 



| Ibid. p. 128. § P. Z. S. 1864, p. 710. || P. Z. S. 1871, p. 222. 



