864 MR. H. E. DRESSER ON SPECIES OF AdUILA. [Dec. 3, 



phase of the immature plumage, specimens thus marked would more 

 often be met with. 



" The range of this species appears to be restricted to India. 



" Aquila moyilnik, Gm. (Imperial Eagle.) This species has 

 a very extended range, being found in India and Siberia, and 

 thence extending into Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, and North-east 

 Africa. I have examined specimens from the Dauube, Asia Minor, 

 Abyssinia, and a large series from India, and Mr. Gurney has seen 

 examples from China, all of which agree closely. In the immature 

 plumage this Eagle is strongly striated, and in the fully adult livery 

 it has the scapulars alone white, never the shoulder. Otherwise in 

 the adult plumage it does not differ from the Spanish bird, except 

 that the basal portion of the tail is rather lighter in colour. 



" Aquila adalberti, Brehm. The White-shouldered Imperial Eagle, 

 so far as is at present known, occurs only in Spain and on the 

 opposite side of the Mediterranean, in Morocco, where Major Irby 

 observed it ; but I have not yet been able to examine a specimen 

 from there. It is a very distinct species from the Imperial Eagle of 

 Eastern Europe and India, and differs in being light buff in the 

 young plumage, without the characteristic striations in the Eastern 

 bird. From this it moults by degrees into the dark mature plu- 

 mage, iu which it differs from the Eastern species in having the 

 entire shoulder marked with white, whereas in this latter the 

 scapulars alone are white. The German naturalists generally concur 

 in referring Aq. adalberti of Brehm* to Aquila ncevioides, Cuv. ; and 

 Lord Walden is of this opinion. Should this prove to be the case 

 this present species has no name, and I would propose to call it 

 Aquila leucolena. 



"Aquila orientalis, Cab., is the name under which the Eastern 

 Spotted Eagle should, according to Mr. Gurney, be known, as Pallas 

 clearly confounded it and Aquila ncevia in describing his Aquila 

 clanga. It is found in Eastern and Southern Europe and Asia 

 Minor. I have examined a large series of specimens iu immature 

 and adult plumage from the Volga, the neighbourhood of Smyrna, 

 Palestine, and Greece. Not having had specimens from Siberia, I 

 am unable to state whether it ranges thus far to the east, or whether 

 the Siberian bird is a distinct species. 



" The Spotted Eagle of India is distinct from our European Aq. 

 ncevia, Gm., and will, I take it, stand as Aquila vittata, Hodgson. 

 In size it approaches nearer to Aquila orientalis, Cab., than to Aq. 

 ncevia ; but, as will be seen from the specimens now exhibited, the 

 adult of Aq. vittata is a much darker bird than Aq. orientalis. 



" Aquila ncevia, Gmelin. The European Spotted Eagle in the fully 

 adult plumage is not to be distinguished from the adult of Aquila 

 hastata, Less., but in the immature plumage differs very widely 

 from the young of that species in the arrangement of the markings, 

 clearly showing that they cannot be referred to the same species. 

 This species is found during the breeding-season in Northern and 



* See " Bericlit ubcr d. XIII. Yersammhmg d. Deutseb. orn. Gesellsebal't iu 

 Stuttgardt," p. 61.— Ed. 



