Nov. 29. 1883] 



NA TURE 



lOI 



Rawlinson, C.B., Mr. E. A. Cowper, Mr. Rendel, Mr. B 

 Baker, Sir James N. Douglass, and Mr. J. W. Barry, 

 members of Council ; and Mr. James Forrest, secretary, 

 and Mr. H. E. Eaton, assistant secretary. The Institu- 

 tion of Mechanical Engineers sent— Mr. Ramsbottom, a 

 past president, for long mechanical engineer to the 

 London and North-Western Railway Company : Mr. 

 Rennie and Mr. T. R. Crampton, vice-presidents ; Mr. 

 VV. Anderson, Mr. Kitson, Mr. Peacock, Mr. Richardson, 

 Mr. J. Tomlinson, jun., Mr. Tweddell, and Mr. Price 

 Williams, members of Council ; Mr. W. R. Browne, 

 secretary, and Mr. A. Bache, assistant secretary. Prof. 

 Bonney's name may be given as one of many connected 

 with the British Association ; and as members of the 

 London Institution those of Mr. Warren De La Rue, 

 F.R.S., Mr. W. Bowman, F.R.S., its honorary secretary ; 

 and Dr. Gladstone, F.R.S. From the Society of 

 Telegraph Engineers there were — Mr. Latimer Clark, 

 Lieut.-Col. Webber, R.E., C.B., past presidents; Mr. 

 Spagnoletti, Prof. D. E. Hughes, F.R.S., and Sir 

 Charles Bright, vice-presidents ; Mr. Stroh and Mr. 

 H. C. Forde, of the Council ; and Mr. F. H. Webb, 

 secretary. The Iron and Steel Institute, of which 

 Sir W. Siemens was a past president, was also repre- 

 sented by Mr. W. Whitwell, Mr. G. J. Snelus, Mr. 

 Edward Wilhams, Mr. T. E. Horton, Mr. Daniel Adam- 

 son, Mr. E. Windsor Richards, and Mr. J. S. Jeans 

 (secretary). The Royal Astronomical Society had a 

 fitting representative in the Astronomer Royal, Mr. W. 

 H. M. Christie, a vice-president. Mr. Horace Jones, 

 president, and Mr. Mac Vicar Anderson, honorary secre- 

 tary, of the Royal Institution of British Architects, and 

 Dr. W. H. Perkin, F.R.S., President of the Chemical 

 Society, represented those bodies. For the Royal Meteo- 

 rological Society, there were the President, Prof. J. K. 

 Laughton ; Mr. G. J. Symons, F.R S., the honorary 

 secretary; the Hon. Rollo Russell, Mr. R. J. Lecky, 

 and Dr. J. H. Gilbert. From the Institute of Naval 

 Architects there were two vice-presidents — Mr. N. Bar- 

 naby, C.B., Director of Naval Construction ; Mr. James 

 Wright, C.B., Engineer-in-Chief at the Admiralty ; and 

 Mr. George Holmes, secretary to the Institute. The 

 Society of Engineers was represented by the President, 

 Mr. Jabez Church, Mr. Nursey, of the Council, and Mr. 

 Bartholomew Reed, secretary. There were also present 

 representatives of the Geological Society, the Chemical 

 Society, the Physical Society, and the Society of 

 Chemical Industry. The German Athen;eum in London 

 was represented by a deputation, headed by Count Victor 

 Gleichen, its honorary president, and including Mr. Alma 

 Tadema, R.A., Mr. Carl Haag, Dr. Hess, Mr. F. Rosing, 

 Mr. E. Meyerstein, honorary secretary, and Mr. C. 

 Sevin. 



Sir Henry Bessemer wrote to the secretary of the 

 Iron and Steel Institute expressing his deep regret 

 that an attack of bronchitis prevented him from being 

 present. 



p'orming a long procession, the occupants of the 

 Jerusalem Chamber filed past the Westminster School- 

 room, and, meeting the family mourners at the entrance 

 from Dean's Yard, took their appointed places, and 

 followed the coffin through the cloister to the Canons' 

 door, in the south aisle of the Abbey. The coffin was 



covered with wreaths sent from nearly every country in 

 Europe. 



A great part of the large assemblage joined the proces- 

 sion formed after the Abbey service and accompanied the 

 remains to Kensal Green. At the cemetery there were 

 also present very many of the workmen from the tele- 

 graph works at Woolwich. A bank of grass and flowers 

 breast high encircled the head of the grave, and the 

 sides of the interior were hidden by fern-fronds and 

 flowers. 



The inscription on the coffin was simply — 



C. William Siemens, 



Died 19th Nov., 1883. 



Aged 60 years. 



THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND 

 Finland : ils Forests and Forest Management. Compiled 

 by J. C. Brown, LL.D. (London : Simpkin, Marshall, 

 and Co., and William Rider and Son, 1883.) 



AT a time when renewed effort is being made in our 

 own country to stir up interest in the subject of 

 forestry, it is instructive to notice what progress is being 

 made in woodcraft in other lands. Sir Richard Temple 

 brought before the Social Science Congress at its recent 

 meeting the condition of our home and colonial forestry ; 

 next year an international forestry exhibition is to be held 

 in Edinburgh ; and Sir John Lubbock has given notice of 

 a motion aftecting forestry for next session in the House 

 of Commons. 



Dr. Brown divides his book into three parts, dealing 

 respectively with the lakes and rivers of Finland, its 

 forest economy, and its physical geography, including 

 geology. The first part, though decidedly interesting, 

 savours rather too much of the guide-book style, and is 

 interspersed with adventures and scriptural quotations. 

 Water occupies two-fifths of the area of Finland, which 

 is called by its inhabitants "The Land of a Thousand 

 Lakes," and most of the internal communications of the 

 country are effected along its lakes and streams. Another 

 poetical designation, ■' The Last-born Daughter of the 

 Sea," refers to the recent upheaval of the Finnish area, a 

 rising which is still in progress, as is proved by the con- 

 tinuous shallowing of the waters on the Baltic coast line. 

 The country abounds in interesting glacial phenomena, 

 but we must confess to a feeling of disappointment with 

 the geological as well as with the first portion of the work. 

 Moreover, ordinary care has scarcely been exercised, 

 otherwise we should not read of '' palatal mansions," of 

 boulders " marled or variagated " by lichens, of " moluscs," 

 "mamifers," and " carnivori," nor yet of "the old Tau- 

 rentian formation," to say nothing of the excessively 

 vague notion conveyed by such an expression as "pre- 

 Adamic times." 



The second part, dealing with forest economy, occupies 

 rather more than half the book, and constitutes presum- 

 ably the raison d'etre of the whole. Forest products form 

 more than half the total value of exports from Finland, 

 and it is estimated that 64 per cent, of the entire surface 

 of the land is covered with forests, which up to quite 

 recent times were subjected to the most reckless waste. 

 Finland is the only country in Europe in which sart age 



