Jan. 17, 1884] 



NATURE 



'■77 



papers, coverinj; the ground of many previous scattered re- 

 searches. The first gives the curious result that, to obtain the 

 highest possible degree of magnetisation, short magnets should 

 be tempered glass hard, but long magnets should be at the other 

 extreme of softness. The second research gives the result that 

 the mo.'t constant magnets are those which, after fairly hard 

 tempering, are annealed for twenty to thirty hours by heating in 

 a steam bath, then magnetised, finally heated in steam for five 

 hours more. — Correction, by A. Guebhard, relative to his elec- 

 trochemical figures. — Use of the method of "Schlieren" for 

 investigating intrui-ions in quartz, by A. Kundt. — On absolute 

 measure, by Prof. C. Bohn. 



Journal de Physique, t. ii. No. 23, November, 1S83. — A. 

 Potier, on the experiments of Wroblewski and Oltzewski on the 

 liquefaction of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonic oxide. — B. Elie, 

 electrodynamic and magnetic potentials in elasticity. — A. 

 Terquem, description of a new cathetometcr of M. Dumoulin 

 Froment. This cathetometer is divided into two parts — a 

 vertical standard scale mounted on three levelling feet, to be set 

 up near the apparatus, and a levelled observing telescope sliding 

 upon another vertical stem to be set up at a distance, this second 

 part of the apparatus being just an ordinary cathetometer with- 

 out a scale. — Bichat and Blondlot, influence of pressure on the 

 electric ditTerence between a liquid and a metal in contact. — 

 KrouchkoU, on immersion currents and on those due to the 

 movement of a metal in a liquid, and on currents of emersion. — 

 E. H. Hall, abstracts (by M. Leduc) of papers on so-called 

 rotational coefficient. — Aug. Righi, on Hall's phenomenon. 

 Righi finds this phenomenon to be 5000 times as strong in bis- 

 muth as in gold. The process by which his film of bismuth, 

 only o'079 mm. in thickness, was procured is not stated. — H. 

 Rolti, on Hall's phenomenon in liquids. — H. Koch, on magneto- 

 electric rotations. 



BidUtim de la Socieie d' Anthropolos^e de Paris, tome vi. fasc. 3, 

 Paris, 1883, contain : — A paper by M. Hamy, on the interpreta- 

 tion of an inscription on the Mexican stone tablet in the Museum 

 of the Trocadero, supposed by him to refer to the foundation, in 

 1483, of the temple of the great Aztec divinity, Hiutzilopochtli. 

 — On the special frequency in criminals and in the insane of an 

 anomalous medial occipital fossa, by Prof. Lombroso. — On the 

 significance of the interlaced hearts common in the ornamenta- 

 tion of rings, crosses, &c., in use in La Bretagne and La 

 Vendee, by M, Bonnemere, who regards them as of medixval 

 origin, and connected with marriage, while Madame Clemence 

 Royer showed that they were of modern design, and religious 

 in character, representing the hearts of Jesus and the Virgin, as 

 symbolised in the convents of the Sacre Cceur. — A communica- 

 tion from Madame Clemence Royer, setting forth her claim to 

 be regarded as the first person who pointed out that Lamarck 

 was the true father of the theory of evolution, she having ex- 

 pounded his doctrines in a course of lectures on philosophy 

 given by her in 1859-60. — On the explorations of the Grotto des 

 Cottes in Poitou, by M. de Rochebrune. The finds exhibit 

 fossil bones in great abundance, well-cut flints, and a human 

 skeleton, which has been submitted to M. de Mortillct. — On the 

 Chellean deposits of Temifine, in Algiers, by M. le Dr. Tom- 

 masini. These contain remains of so-called Elephas atlanticus. 

 — On Prof. Putnam's recent explorations of Kjokkenmoddings, 

 mounds, ash-pits, and stone-graves in Maine, Ohio, and Tennes- 

 see, by M. de Nadaillac. — On a more correct mode of classifying 

 the colour of the eyes and hair in reference to the determination 

 of ethnic characteristics, by M. Ikow. — On the " Er Fousen," 

 or pit-graves in St. Pierre-Quiberon, in La Bretagne, by M. 

 Gaillard. — On the anthropomrtric determination of the principsl 

 races of France, by M. le Dr. Collignon. A detailed and 

 exhaustive treatise, in which the author, after setting apart a 

 distinct group of Frenchmen, considers the rest of the French 

 nation, somewhat arbitrarily, under four heads — Celts, Cimri, 

 " Lorrainians," and so-called " Medilerraneens." Under the 

 latter term he treats of those south-western races of France, 

 whose chief source of origin is the Eastern Pyrenees, and who 

 designate themselves as Catalans. — On the craniometric study of 

 plagiocephalics, by M. le Dr. Manouvrier, bearing on the 

 question af cerebral asymetry as a characteristic of superior 

 brain-capacity. — On anomalous muscles in man, by M. le Dr. 

 Testut. — Note on the various objects of fetish from Upper 

 Ogooe, by M. Delisle. In the discussion to which the com- 

 munication gave rise, M. de Mortillet maintained the view, to 

 which he has frequently given expression, that in Africa 

 originated the use of iron for industrial purposes, while the 



African was the only savage who knew how to extract and work 

 the metal. In the iron projectile arms from the Congo M. de 

 Mortillet believes we have analogous weapons to those seen in 

 the hands of the Assyrian kings when represented as engaged in 

 lion-hunting. — On the decrease of the population in France, by 

 M. Lagneau. This decrease was known to amount to seven for 

 every hundred inhabitants in twenty-six Departments, although 

 there were only eight of these in which the deaths exceeded the 

 births. — On the " Questionnaire de Sociologie et d'Ethno- 

 graphic" of the Society, drawn up by MM. Hay, Hovelacque, 

 and Vinson, and submitted by them to their confrires. — On two 

 crania found in the Department de la Drome, by M. le Dr. 

 Delisle. One of these is dolichocephalic, and similar to the 

 Cro-Magnon type ; the other is brachiocephalic. — On the 

 dangers of premature exercise of the higher intellectual faculties 

 and of the physical powers in relation to the present excessive 

 academic requirements and early term of military service in 

 France, by M. Dally. — On M. Testut's elaborate prehistoric 

 chart of La Dordogne, by M. Hamy. — On the practices and 

 superstitions which prevail in Arlois and Picardy in connection 

 with bees, by M. E. T. Hamy. Such practices in no way differ 

 from those described in the " Georgia-," excepting in as far as 

 concerns the aspersion of the hive with holy water by the modern 

 peasant bee-cultivator. In Artois, as in Berry, when the 

 master of the house dies his hives must be covered with black, 

 and the fact of his decease whispered to the bees to avert their 

 otherwise inevitable death. — On some cephalometric determina- 

 tions on the living subject in Greece, by M. Apostolides. He 

 consiners that the people of the Peloponnesus have best preserved 

 the dolichocephalic type of the ancient Greeks, as shown in the 

 crania of tombs belonging to the fourlh century B.C. — The first 

 part of a paper by M. de Ujfalvy on the " Kafirs-Siapochs," or 

 " Black-roted " tribe of the Hindoo-Koosh. 



Archives of the Physical a?id Natural Sciemes, Geneva, Nov. 

 15, 1883. — Researches on the absorption of the ultra-violet rays 

 by aqueous and vitreous humours, albuminoids, and other sub- 

 stances, by M. J. L. Soret. — On electrolytic condensers, by Dr. 

 C. E. Guillaume. — Sixty-sixth session of the Helvetic Society of 

 Natural Sciences held at Zurich in August, 1883 : Report on the 

 Geological Session, president, Prof. Suess of Vienna. Papers 

 were read on the structure of the Alps, by the President, who 

 rejected the theory of upheaval, denying the existence of any 

 natural motive power capable of raising lofty mountain ranges ; 

 on the old glaciers of the northern slopes of the Alps, by M. 

 Alph. Favre ; on the climateric zones during the Jurassic and 

 Chalk epochs, by Prof. Neumayr of Vienna ; on the Kimmer- 

 idge formations of the Vaude Alps, by M. Schardt of Mon- 

 treux ; on the fossils of the same geological area, by M. de 

 Loriol ; on the physical and chemical changes undergone by 

 rocks subject to glacial pressure, by Prof. Miihlberg of Aarau ; 

 on some specimens of spath fluor recently found in the dolomitic 

 limestones of Trolerengraben, Valais, by M. Ed.de Fellenberg ; on 

 the hydrographic system of the Jura range in the canton of Neu- 

 chatel, by M. Jaccard ; on the mollasse and glacial formations 

 of Upper Suabia, by M. Probst of Essendorff'; on the gypsum 

 formations of Vorarlberg, by M. Chavannes ; on a sectional pro- 

 file of the Schlossberg in the Titlis range, showing the geologi- 

 cal dispositions of the limestone rocks of the twelfth sheet 

 in Dufour's map, by Dr. C. Moesch of Zurich ; on the 

 fauna of the coal and limestone formations in the Permim 

 system of Bohemia, by Dr. A. Fritsch ; on an ancient post- 

 Glacial lacustrine basin in the Soleure district, formed by three 

 concentric frontal moraines, slight traces of which still ; urvive 

 in the Aar valley, by M. Alph. Favre ; on the earthquake at 

 Ischia, by Prof. Suess. 



Nachrichten of the Royal Society of Sciences and of the 

 University of Gdttingen, July 30, 1883. — On some historical docu- 

 ments connected w ith the history of Bavaria during the fourteenth 

 century, by Ludwig Weiland. — Remarks on Jacobi's theory of 

 elliptical functions, with special reference to his logarithm of 

 theta functions (continued), by A. Enneper. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 

 London 

 Royal Society, December 20, 1883. — "Note on the Consti- 

 tution of Chlorophyll." By Edward Schunck, F.R.S. 



The author having for some time been engaged in examining 

 the derivatives of chlorophyll, the question of the constitution of 



