April I, 1884" 



NATURE 



523 



already the Nauplius-stage and to have arrived at the 

 Cypris-stage. The exuvia of the Nauplius-stage still 

 adhered to the covering of the Cypris ; still it was not 

 easy to make out which parts had developed from the 

 Nauplius appendages." 



The largest species of the genus known has been called 

 S.dai-'Minii. Only a single specimen of this splendid form 

 was dredged during the Challenirer's cruise, and of it, 

 through the courtesy of Mr. Murray, we are enabled to 

 give the woodcut illustration on the previous page. This 

 specimen was found as represented attached to a man- 

 ganese nodule ; these nodules, according to Mr. Murray, 

 are formed by concretionary depositions around shark's 

 teeth, pumice, and other substances at the bottom of the 

 sea; it was dredged at Station 299, December 14, 1875, 

 lat. 33° 31' S., long. 74=43' W., at a dep'h of 2 160 fathoms, 

 from a bottom of gray mud. Four large complemental 

 males were found attached between the mantle and the 

 scutum at a short distance from the ape.K of the valve and 

 close to its occludent margin. Three specimens were on 

 the left and one on the right side. 



Of the genus Verruca, ten species, of which si.x are new, 

 were found. They are among some of the most interest- 

 ing forms of animal life collected during the Expedition, 

 and prove that the number of recent species is much 

 greater than had been to this supposed to exist, and that 

 the genus has a true worldwide distribjtion. Of the six 

 stations which yielded Verruca one belongs to the 

 Northern Atlantic, three to the Southern Atlantic, one to 

 the Pacific, and one to the Malay Archipelago. By these 

 discoveries the range in depth has been immensely 

 increased ; the greatest depth known to Darwin for V. 

 slrdmia, O.F.M , was 90 fathoms, but the six new Chal- 

 lenger species inhabit depihs of from 500 to 1900 fathoms. 

 Of the genus Balanus nine species are referred to, and 

 five described as new ; and of the genus Chthamalus one 

 new species is described. This memoir is accompanied 

 by thirteen plates. 



The volume has been edited by Mr. Murray, and is 

 one of the most important to the student of invertebrate 

 forms yet published of these Reports. 



GERMAN METEOROLOGY 

 Repertorium do- Dcutschcn Meieorologie. Leistungen 

 der Deutschen in Schriftcn, Erfindungen und Beobach- 

 tungen aiif dem Gebiete der Meteorologie iind dcs Erd- 

 magnetismus von den Altesten zeiten bis 2um Schliisse 

 desJahres\ZZ\. Von G. Hellmann. (Leipzig : verlag 

 von Wilbelm Englemann, 1883.) 

 T N this goodly octavo volume of 498 pages, presenting 

 ■•- an exhaustive catalogue of the meteorological litera- 

 ture of Germany from the earliest to the present time. 

 Dr. Hellmann has done a service to science, the practical 

 value of which it would be difficult to overestimate. The 

 work is divided into three parts. The first part comprises 

 the writings and discoveries, and is in two divisions. 

 The first of these divisions gives the names of authors 

 and the titles of their works ; and the fulness and satis- 

 factoriness of detail with which this is gone into may be 

 seen by referring to "Dove," who was the prince of 

 German meteorologists, and " Helmholtz," the latter con- 

 tributing only one paper — on whirlwinds and thunder- 

 storms—and the former 20S papers, embracing all depart- 



ments of the subject. The principal events in the 

 biography of each author are briefly indicated, together 

 with the date of publication of each contribution and the 

 work in which it appeared. The second division is an 

 index of subjects comprised under meteorology, terrestrial 

 magnetism, and atmospheric electricity ; and the com- 

 pleteness with which this part of the work is done may be 

 seen by a reference to " Barometer," the various papers 

 relating to which are grouped under thirty heads. The 

 heading " Astro-Meteorologie " shows that even the anti- 

 quities of the science have not been overlooked. 



The second part gives a catalogue of stations, and is in 

 two divisions — the first comprising stations and the dif- 

 ferent series of observations made at them ; and the 

 second, indexes of subjects and observers. The stations 

 are arranged according to the different States of Germany 

 where they are situated ; and sections are set apart for 

 stations the observations at which have been published 

 in extcnso : at which six or more observations have been 

 made daily ; stations for investigating forest meteorology, 

 for weather telegraphy, and for international meteorology; 

 high-level stations at heights of 1969 feet and upwards; 

 and stations at which observations have been made for at 

 least fifty years. To these is appended an index of ob- 

 servers' names and their stations. 



The third part is historical, presenting an outline of the 

 history of meteorological observations in Germany ; a 

 valuable chronological table from the eighth century 

 downwards, detailing the more important facts in the 

 history of meteorology and terrestrial magnetism ; and 

 the book closes with interesting statistics showing for the 

 decennial periods beginning with 1480 the progress and 

 extension of meteorological observations over Germany. 

 A map is added showing the meteorological stations in 

 the German Empire at the present time ; and on the 

 same sheet a small map showing the stations in Germany 

 in 17S1, including those established in connection with 

 the Societas Meteorologica Palatina. 



The extreme importance of this undertaking to all 

 workers in meteorology, terrestrial magnetisin, and atmo- 

 spheric electricity, and the ability with which Dr. Hell- 

 mann has carried it through, make us regret with a strong 

 feeling of shame the financial difficulty that was allowed 

 to stand in the way of completing a similar catalogue of 

 the meteorological literature of all nations. From Dr. 

 Hellmann's letter to the International Meteorological 

 Committee at Berne, dated July 20, 1880, it appears that 

 all that was required to complete this great work was the 

 raising of a sum not exceeding 1200/. As however there 

 appeared to be no hope of this small sum being raised or 

 even guaranteed, Dr. Hellmann, in a spirit and with an 

 energy which cannot but call forth the warmest approba- 

 tion of scientific men, set to work in the autumn of that 

 year, and was in a position in May 1883 to sign the preface 

 of the work no IV before us. No small praise is also due 

 to Herr Engelmann, for the effective help he has given in 

 its publication. 



For want of such catalogue?, the workers, not merely 

 in meteorology, but in every department of science, are 

 crippled, and the remark applies with peculiar emphasis 

 in the case of those who are entering on the work of 

 scientific research. Indeed, the waste of time and brain- 

 work in carrying on scientific work no longer necessary 



