1862.] DR. A. GUNTHER ON THE BRITISH CHARRS. 39 
fins much longer than in the fishes described by Heckel, and conse- 
quently that none of them can be identical with the South-German 
Salbling or with the Salmo salvelinus of Linnzeus. 
b. Salmo umbla, L. Linneus has founded this species on the 
ninth species of Sa/mo in Artedi’s ‘Genera,’ or on the seventh in his 
‘Synonymy,’ the latter ichthyologist following Rondelet, who de- 
scribed the “‘Salmo Lemani lacus, seu Umbla*,” or the “Ombre 
(chevalier)”’ of the Lakes of Geneva and Neuchatel. Jurinet and 
Agassiz{ have given figures of this fish. Far superior to them is that 
published by Rapp§, who has identified the ‘‘ Rothel” of the Lake 
of Constance with the Salmo umbla, L. 
This species never assumes the red colours of the S. salvelinus, or 
of the Charrs of Windermere and of Wales. It could be compared 
in this respect only with the “‘Freshwater Herring” of Lough Melvin, 
from which it is readily distinguished by its much larger teeth, by 
its wide mouth, the maxillary extending to behind the orbit, by its 
much more elongate body, and by the proportions of its fins. Salmo 
umbla of Linné differs from the British Charrs (as far as we treat 
of them in this paper) in nearly every one of the external characters, 
and agrees with the Irish species only in its plainer coloration and 
in the size of its scales. 
ce. Salmo alpinus, L. Linneeus, on his tour through Lapland, 
discovered in the mountain-lakes of that country a species of Charr, 
which he described in the ‘ Fauna Suecica,’ p. 117, no. 310, and 
which he named S. alpinus in the ‘Systema Nature.’ He adopts 
the opinion of Artedi in referring the British Charr (which he knew 
from Willoughby’s description) as a synonym to this S. alpinus. 
Even the few details which are given in his and Nilsson’s descriptions 
do not admit of an identification of those species. Linné says that 
the length of the head of the typical specimen was 13 inch, and the 
distance from (the front margin of) the dorsal to the adipous fin 
3 inches: in the British Charrs the head is much longer. He found 
the length of the head equal to that of the base of the dorsal fin: in 
British Charrs the base of that fin is much shorter. Nilsson de- 
scribes the S. alpinus, L., as a distinct variety of S. salvelinus, di- 
stinguished by short fins; but S. salvelinus, Nilss., has shorter fins 
than any of the British Charrs. 
We are, therefore, not justified in admitting one of those Linnean 
denominations for the British species which will be described in this 
paper. This view being in contradiction with that of all former 
writers, I think it necessary to- give a historical review of what has 
been done on the subject. Not a love of starting novel views, much 
less an ill feeling towards any of the previous inquirers, but the plain 
necessity of supporting the truth of my opinion forces me to show 
where observations have been imperfect, or where they de not agree 
with nature. Conscious of the imperfectness of my own labour, I 
* Rondel. ii. p. 160. 
+ Poiss. du lac Léman, pl. 5. 
t Poiss. d’eau douce, pls. 10 & 11 (but not pl. 9). 
§ Bodensee-Fische, p. 32. taf. 5. 
