50 DR. A. GUNTHER ON THE BRITISH CHARRS. [Feb. 11, 
ridge and the lateral series of pores scarcely visible. Snout rather 
depressed, conical, with the lower jaw slightly curved upwards and 
overreaching the upper. The zos¢rils are situated midway between 
eyeball and end of the snout ; the anterior is round, open, surrounded 
by a membrane, which posteriorly is developed into a small flap, 
nearly entirely covering the smaller, oblong, posterior nostril. By 
this character alone the Torgoch may be distinguished from the 
Charr and Freshwater Herring. The maxillary extends to (or scarcely 
beyond) the vertical from the posterior margin of the eye, and is 
armed with 19-21 teeth of moderate size ; six or seven teeth in each 
intermaxillary, seventeen in each mandible; seven teeth on the vomer 
form two sides of a triangle, the point of which is directed back- 
wards ; fifteen teeth on each palatine, five pairs on the tongue. The 
suboperculum is produced backwards, covering the triangular por- 
tion of the humerus above the root of the pectoral, and being in 
immediate contact with the latter; the vertical width of the sub- 
operculum is one-half, or rather less than one-half, of that of the 
operculum. Only three Jranchiostegals are exposed in a lateral 
view of the fish, the others being situated at the lower side of the 
head. The lower branch of the outer branchial arch is provided 
with thirteen lanceolate straight gill-rakers ; the longest is somewhat 
less than two lines long in the specimen described. 
D.13(14). A.12(11). P.12 (13). V.9. 
The origin of the dorsal fin is somewhat nearer to the snout than 
to the root of the caudal; the length of its base is not much less 
than its height. The fifth and sixth rays form the rounded top of 
the fin. The first ray is rudimentary, the second half as long as the 
third, the third half as long as the fourth, the fourth simple, five- 
sixths of the fifth, which is branched, the sixth the longest, the last 
split to the base. The length of the base of the dorsal is contained 
once and a third in its distance from the adipous fin. 
The origin of the anal fin is exactly in the middle between the 
root of the caudal and that of the outer ventral ray; the length of 
its base is less than that of the dorsal, and not much less than its 
height.. The four anterior rays are enveloped in a common mem- 
brane ; the fourth and fifth rays form a rounded point ; and the lower 
edge of the fin is slightly emarginate. The first ray is short, the 
second half as long as the third, the third three-fourths of the fourth, 
the fourth simple, a little shorter than the fifth, which is the longest 
and branched ; the last split to the base, its length being nearly one- 
half of that of the fifth. ; 
Caudal fin emarginate, the length of a middle ray being a little 
more than one-half of that of the outer ones, the length of which is 
contained six times and a half in the total. Lobes slightly rounded. 
The base of the pectoral is overlapped by the gill-cover apparatus. 
It extends nearly to the vertical from the origin of the dorsal, is 
considerably shorter than the head, and three-fourths of the distance 
between its root and that of the ventral. 
~The ventral is inserted in the vertical from the eighth to eleventh 
