1862.] AND BILE OF THE VERTEBRATA. 135 
some of the smaller Felidee. In a new species of Lynx (F.. macro- 
celis) the gall-bladder was of a triangular shape, with a long narrow 
twisted neck ; and I have seen nearly the same form in a young Lion at 
birth. In the Ocelot (F. pardalis) the neck is coiled once round ; and 
I have found a like shape in some of the smaller Cats. In the Otter 
F. lutra) it makes a half turn. I may remark that the form of the 
gall-bladder can only be properly seen when it is distended with air. 
In the Seals (Phocide) (three species examined) it is of a pyri- 
form shape, and very capacious. In the Walrus (Trichechus) 1 also 
found it large. 
I will mention the capacity of this organ in a few of the Carnivora, 
in which I measured the bladder by filling it with water. The gall- 
bladder of the Lioness which recently died at the Society’s Gardens 
contained five fluid ounces of bile; that of a Polar Bear (Ursus mari- 
timus), four ounces ; Cape Hunting Dog (Lycaon pictus), one ounce ; 
Clouded Tiger (F'. macrocelides), seven drachms; Ocelot (/’. parda- 
lis), seven drachms. In other animals of this order its capacity, in 
relation to the size of the body, is about the same 
In the Marsupiata the gall-bladder is generally of a more rounded 
form than in the last-named division, and of moderate capacity. In 
the Tasmanian Wolf (Thylacinus), it held about seven drachms; in 
the Great Kangaroo (Macropus major), ive drachms; in the Red 
Kangaroo (M. ruber), about the same ; in the Tree Kangaroo (Den- 
drolagus inustus), about three drachms ; in the Halmaturus wantho- 
pus, five drachms. In the Opossums, Dasyures, and Phalangers, 
such as I have examined, the form and capacity, in relation to the 
bulk of the quadruped, is nearly the same as in the above. 
In such of the Rodents as possess a gall-bladder I have generally 
found it of a rounded or oval form, as in the Marmot (Aretomys al- 
pinus), Hare (Lepus timidus), Rabbit (L. euniculus), Beaver (Castor 
fiber), Agouti (Dasyprocta), Common Mouse (Mus musculus), Com- 
mon Squirrel (Seiurus vulgaris), Grey Squirrel (S. carolinensis), West 
Indian Squirrel ( 2), Flying Squirrel (8. volucella). The capacity 
is moderate and tolerably uniform in the above. In the Beaver, chiefly 
a ligneous feeder, the capacity is about two and one-half drachms. 
It was absent in the Capybara (Hydrocherus capybara), in the 
Sciurus maximus, Jerboa (Dipus), and Musquash (Castor zibethicus). 
In other species of Rodents my attention was not directed to this 
subject. Cuvier states that in the genus Mus the gall-bladder is ab- 
sent: but I think many exceptions will be found to this. 
Edentata. In the Great Anteater (Myrmecophaga jubata) 1 
found the gall-bladder capacious and of a somewhat pyramidal 
shape; in two species of Armadillo (six-banded and nine-banded) it 
was more cylindrical ; in one of the Monotremata, the Ornitho- 
rhyncus, it was very large, and its form pyramidal. 
The Absence of the Gall-bladder.—As far as I have gone, with the 
exception of the Cheiroptera, about which I am unable to speak from 
my own observations, as I omitted to look for this viscus in the Bri- 
tish Bats and in many foreign species that I have dissected, all the 
animals I have spoken of, excepting the Rodents already mentioned 
