138 DR. E. CRISP ON THE GALL-BLADDER, ETC. [April 8, 
spected it was proportionately smaller. In the Ophidians it is of 
moderate size. Ina Python (Python molurus), weighing thirty-three 
pounds, its capacity was about two ounces. In the Batrachians its 
form is more globular, and its size (relatively) larger. I have not 
found the gall-bladder absent in any Reptile. 
Fishes. In the British Fishes (forty-two species of which I have 
only examined for this purpose) I found a gall-bladder, the shape 
globular in all, with the exception of that of the Tunny before named: 
it is rather capacious in this division. In a Pike (Hsoxv lucius) 
weighing twenty-eight pounds, the capacity was about one ounce. In 
a Wolf-fish (Anarrhichas) weighing twelve pounds, about the same. 
In the Lophius piscatorius, a very ravenous fish, it was much smaller. 
In the Shark (Lamna cornubica), Dog Fishes (Scyllia), and Rays 
(Raiade) its proportionate capacity is about the same as in the os- 
seous fishes. 
Before I finish this part of my subject, I will add a few remarks 
about the supposed absence of a gallbladder in many fishes. 
Cuvier did not depend always upon his own observations. I believe 
that this organ has escaped notice in many instances, especially in 
the Fishes. The Giraffe was supposed not to possess a gall-bladder ; 
but in two examined by Professor Owen, one was without a gall- 
bladder, the other had a double gall-bladder, as may be seen in the 
preparation in the Hunterian Museum. 
As I have stated before, in three Giraffes that I have inspected, 
this viscus was wanting in all. I have met with one specimen of a 
double gall-bladder in the Sheep ; and in the Hunterian Museum 
there is the liver of a small animal (unknown) with three distinct 
gall-bladders; so that I think it will be well for future observers 
not to assume that this reservoir is absent, but to look for it in all 
the Vertebrata. It is well to remember, too, that the gall-bladder 
in some reptiles and fishes is not always close to the liver—a circum- 
stance, as stated by Cuvier, that may have led to its having been 
often undiscovered. Sir E. Home, as mentioned in the ‘ Museum 
Catalogue of the College of Surgeons,’ described, in the ‘ Philoso- 
phical Transactions’ for 1809, the Basking Shark (Selache mavima) 
as being without a gall-bladder. M. de Blainville (in the ‘ Annales 
du Muséum,’ 1811) found a gall-bladder in this fish, 4 or 5 inches 
in diameter ; but it was seated 6 feet from the liver. As I am speak- 
ing of the Hunterian Museum, I may add, for the purpose of showing 
how little this subject has been attended to, that only ten gall- 
bladders are to be seen in this collection—one of a Fish, three of 
Reptiles, three of Birds, and three of Quadrupeds. 
I have only time for a passing remark on the quantity of bile 
secreted by various animals. The estimate must to a great extent be 
conjectural ; but in the human subject, where fistulous communica- 
tions have been accidentally established, and in Dogs and other 
animals where the ducts have been exposed, some indications of the 
average daily quantity of this secretion may be formed. Thus, in 
Man it is probably from six to ten ounces daily. In the domesti- 
cated Ox—a quadruped (as before stated) that has, I believe, a larger. 
