1862. ] OF FISHES FROM MADEIRA. 171 
Order ANACANTHINI, Miill. 
Fam. GAapIp&. 
’ Lzmonema, Ginther, MS. 
The genus Lemonema, established by Dr. A. Giinther on a Me- 
diterranean fish hitherto assigned to Phycis, is distinguished from 
the latter genus by the shortness of the base of the first dorsal fin, 
and by the rounded outline of the patch of vomerine teeth. A full 
diagnosis of the genus will appear in the forthcoming fourth volume 
of the ‘Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum.’ A second 
species of the genus having occurred, I proceed to describe it. 
LZMONEMA ROBUSTUM, §p. n. 
fetes 5.) 2nd: D. 50, SL. ALAS oS Violins BL 285 Ce 6; 
M. B. 7. Scales of lateral line about 126. 
Body Phycis-like, thick before, much compressed behind, of a 
dull-brown colour; the rays of the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins 
being of a dull-purplish red. The scales are very small; between 
the base of the first dorsal fin and the lateral line fifteen rows of 
scales may be counted. The length of the head is equal to the height 
of the body under the first dorsal fin, and, compared with the total 
length of the fish, is as 1 to4. It is depressed, unarmed, flat between 
the eyes, with a longitudinal depression at the nape; the snout short 
and rounded ; the cheeks convex and scaly. The round eye is placed 
high up, so as to take part in the profile; it is contained four times 
on the head, and is distant one and one-third of its diameter from 
the tip of the snout; the space between the eyes is equal to one 
diameter. The nostrils are rather small; at the posterior edge of 
the anterior one there is a strap-shaped skinny appendage. The 
mouth is wide, and when open the jaws form a broad oval ; its ante- © 
rior, as well as the tongue, is of a pale-grey colour. The upper 
border of the mouth is formed by the premaxillary ; the maxillary 
is broad below, and reaches back to the vertical from the middle of 
the eye; the skin covering it is colourless, for when the mouth is 
closed it slides underneath the skin covering the posterivr bones. 
The under jaw closes inside the upper one. There are scobinate 
bands of conical teeth in both jaws, those of the outer rows being 
rather larger. The band of the upper jaw is broader in front than 
the band of the lower jaw, but it narrows behind. There is a small 
round patch of similar teeth on the vomer, and also patches on the 
pharyngeals ; but the palatines and the tongue are unarmed. The 
tongue is thick, broad, and pointed. 
The gill-openings are large. The edges of the opercle and pre- 
opercle are rounded ; and the edge of the latter is distinctly visible, 
not concealed by the skin. The chin carries a barbel. The first dorsal 
fin is short, having only five rays, of which the first is elongate, its 
upper part being setaceous; the length of this ray to the total 
length of the body is as 1 to 53. The interval between the two 
dorsal fins is short. The second dorsal fin has its base about 16 times 
longer than the base of the first, and its highest portion is less than 
