350 MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE MAMMALS OF FoRMOSA. [Dec. 9, 
Philippines on the south ; but if any evidence can be deduced from 
the fauna of a country, I think a comparison of the present list with 
the ‘Fauna Japonica,’ as well as a glance at my series of Birds, Rep- 
tiles, &c., will sufficiently prove that a stronger connexion exists 
with the mainland of China than with the islands of Japan. In 
viewing the recently formed and still forming plains of Formosa on 
the western side, one would expect to find Chinese types among the 
birds brought by migration, and among the mammals by introduc- 
tion of the Chinese colonists. But where we should chiefly look for 
affinity, viz. to the living productions of the ancient mountain-ranges 
of the interior, we are struck with their thorough similarity to con- 
generic Chinese forms, rather than to those of the neighbouring islands 
of the Philippines on the south, or the Japanese islands on the north. 
It is true that the resemblance or identity of these productions is 
more with the Himalayan forms; but no zoologist or botanist that 
has collected in the mountains about Foochow can have failed to 
be struck with the similarity of the plants, as well as the birds, 
of the interior mountain-ranges of China with those of the Hima- 
layas. I do not speak so confidently of mammals, because these are 
generally so rare in China that their acquisition is difficult; but I 
can see no reason why the same law should not hold good for them 
as for other productions of nature. 
Before entering upon my list, I must tender my best thanks to 
Dr. Gray for his kindly advice and assistance, in looking over my 
series of skins, and in aiding me to make the remarks of which this 
paper is the result. 
1. Macacus cyctopis (Plate XLII.), n. sp. Rhesus Monkey. 
Chinese, How-tsze or Kaou. 
I have presented a pair of Formosan Monkeys to the Society’s 
Gardens, wliere they may be seen alongside of the true M. rhesus from 
India and a closely allied red species from Assam. From the true 
Rhesus the Formosan species is easily distinguished by its round head 
and flat face, its naked forehead, dark-whiskered cheeks, and strong 
ruff-like beard. The tail in true Rhesus is about 9 inches long, thin, 
and tapering; in the Formosan it is stout and bushy, and over a 
foot. The fur of the Formosan is thicker, more woolly, slaty- 
coloured, and much darker. Its ears are smaller and more feathered. 
The deep red tint on the rump is wanting ; its legs are blacker; and 
there is a distinct black line along the top of the tail. The female 
of this species is smaller and rather lighter-coloured. 
The Assamese Rhesus is much redder than either. Its head is 
long, and face projecting, but not so much as in the Indian animal. 
Like it, its tail is short and tapering; but in the bare eyebrows and 
dark whiskers it approaches the Formosan. 
Our Formosan species is certainly distinct from the above two, and 
from anything Ican meet with in the British Museum ; I therefore 
give it the above provisional name. 
This, as far as I could learn, was the only species of Monkey in 
the island of Formosa. It affects rocks and declivities that over- 
