1862.] MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE MAMMALS OF FORMOSA. 35] 
hang the sea, and in the solitary caverns makes its abode. On the 
treeless mountain in the S.W., called Apes’ Hill, it was at one time 
especially abundant, but has since almost entirely disappeared. About 
the mountains of the north and east it is still numerous, being fre- 
quently seen playing and chattering among the steep rocks, miles from 
any tree or wood. It seems to be quite a rock-loving animal, seeking 
the shelter of caves during the greater part of the day, and assembling 
in parties in the twilight, and feeding on berries, the tender shoots 
of plants, grasshoppers, Crustacea, and Mollusca. Inthe summer it 
comes in numbers during the night, and commits depredations among 
the fields of sugar-cane, as well as among fruit-trees, showing a par- 
tiality for the small, round, clustering berries of the Longan (Nephelium 
longanum). In the caverns among these hills they herd; and in June 
the females may frequently be seen in retired parts of the hills, with 
their solitary young ones at their breasts. These animals betray 
much uneasiness at human approach, disappearing in no time, and 
skulking in their holes till the intruder has passed. They seem, too, 
to possess abundance of self-complacence and resource; for I have 
frequently seen a Monkey seated on a rock by himself, chattering 
and crying merely for his own amusement and gratification. What- 
ever Mr. Waterton may say of the tree-loving propensity of Mon- 
keys in general, it is very certain that this species shows a marked 
preference for bare rocks, covered only with grass and bush; for if 
he preferred the forest, he might very easily satisfy his desire by re- 
tiring a few miles further inland, where he would find it in abundance. 
But, on the contrary, in the forest he is only an occasional intruder, 
resorting thither when food fails him on the grassy hills by the sea, 
where he loves to make his home. 
Rock-Monkeys are also found, I am told, in the island of Lintin, 
near Hongkong, as well as on a few other islands on the Chinese coast ; 
but, as I have never seen any of them, I am unable to say whether 
they are of the same species as the Formosan. The Chinese have a 
fanciful idea that the tail of the Monkey is a caricature of the Tar- 
tar pendant into which they twist their long back hair, and they 
invariably chop it off any Monkey that comes into their possession. 
Hence the difficulty of procuring Monkeys in China with perfect 
tails. 
2. Ursus TIBETANUS? Sun-Bear of Formosa. Chinese, Jin- 
heung. 
This appears to be a rare animal in the island, found only in the 
highest mountains of the interior. It is much valued by the Chinese 
for the medicinal property of its flesh and bones, as also for the 
dainty dish afforded by its paws. I offered large sums for an entire 
animal, without success. At last, through the civility of a high 
mandarin, I was enabled to procure the mutilated skin that I have 
brought home. This skin appears to carry the white crescent-mark 
on the back; but on being carefully examined by Dr. Gray, that 
gentleman saw at once that the animal had been skinned from the 
back, and that in nature the white mark ornamented the breast. 
