352 MR. R. SWINHOE ON THE MAMMALS OF FoRMOSA. [Dec. 9, 
Judging from this skin, I should say the Formosan Bear mea- 
sured about four feet from muzzle to tail, and stood about three feet 
high. It is clothed with rather short, somewhat rigid, black hair, 
and carries a white mark, like an inverted horse-shoe, on its breast, 
between its fore legs. 
I have compared the skin with the Sun-Bears in the Museum. Its 
nearest ally is the Heliarctos tibetanus, which has, however, longer 
and shaggier hair, especially about the cheeks and legs. This, as 
Mr. Gerrard observed, might be attributable to seasonal dress. The 
white horse-shoe on the Tibetan Bear is very similar to that on ours, 
but has blunter ends. 
The other two Horse-shoe Sun-Bears with which I compared it 
were the Heliarctos euryspilus, from Borneo, and the H. malayanus, 
from Malacca. The former of these has short blackish-brown fur, 
and has only an imperfect-shaped brownish white horse-shoe on the 
breast. The latter is a small species, with much shorter, softer, and 
browner fur. 
The Formosan Bear is certainly far more nearly allied to the Ti- 
betan than to the other two. I think that, in all probability, when 
an opportunity arrives for examining its anatomy, it will be found a 
distinct species. At present I can only call attention to the fact of 
its resemblance to the Tibetan species, rather than to its represent- 
atives in nearer countries. 
The common mode of capturing the Bear among the savages in 
in Formosa is, I am told, to tree him, after the same manner that 
Friday did the animal mentioned in ‘ Robinson Crusoe,’ and then to 
dispatch him with matchlocks. Bears are often tamed by the Chi- 
nese, and taught to dance and play tricks, as in India and Europe. 
I observe in the ‘ Fauna Japonica’ that a crescent-breasted Bear 
also occurs in Japan, which Temminck refers, without hesitation, to 
the Heliarctos tibetanus of the Himalayas*. 
3. Leoparpus BRACHYURUS (Pl. XLIII.), n. sp. Formosan 
Leopard. Chinese, Pah. 
This is another animal from the distant wilds of the interior, whose 
skins the savages bring to the borders to barter with the Chinese. I 
have seen two or three skins, all of which agree in the one peculiar 
feature, the shortness of the tail. It belongs, in general appearance 
and style of colouring, to the Long-tailed Leopard group, of which I 
have examined four specimens in the British Museum, marked Z. 
macrocelis, one being from Sumatra, the other three from India. 
I have also examined a closely allied species from Tibet, LZ. macro- 
celides, Hodgs. In the paleness of its yellow fur, and in the dis- 
position of its markings,the Formosan is again here more nearly allied 
to the Tibetan; but the shortness of the tail in one species (only 
about one-half the length of that of the other) is quite a sufficient 
character to distinguish it. I have unfortunately only a flat skin in 
{* The Japanese Bear, since the arrival of living specimens in Europe, has been 
acknowledged to be distinct, and has heen described as Ursus japonicus. See 
antea, p. 261.—P. L. S.] 
