1806.] I>R. C. A. CANF1ELD ON THE PRONr.BU.CK-. 109 



would not appear very strange that a little force should make them 

 fall. Again, all the Cavicornia, so far as I know, have rings on 

 their horns, and each year add one very perceptible width to the 

 horn at its base. Even the horns of Goats and Sheep are so ; but the 

 Antelope is an exception. The horns, although rough, tuberculated, 

 and warty, and sometimes having longitudinal striae or furrows, never 

 show any circles or transverse rugae. This fact appears to me a 

 very strong proof of the truth of my proposition. I think that my 

 observations prove beyond a doubt, then, that these animals shed and 

 renew their horns every year until they get full-grown ones — say, until 

 they are four or five years old or more, — and, furthermore, that it is 

 very probable that they renew them annually after that age; but I have 

 no positive proof of this. The does frequently have horns, sometimes 

 4 inches or even more in length, but very much incurved — so much 

 so that in two specimens that I killed the points or distal extremities 

 of the horns were concealed in the hair of the forehead. In my 

 opinion, it is easy to determine pretty nearly the age of a male An- 

 telope by the shape and size of his horns. Thus, in plate 25 of the 

 ' U. S. P. R. R. Ex. and Surveys,' No. 1912 is (as you say) the horn 

 of a young buck ; 1081 is a new horn of a young male ; 890, a three- 

 year old buck with new horns ; 2-2 (at the lower left-hand corner), 

 a three-year-old buck with old horns ; 655, new horns of an older 

 buck than the last ; 2471, old horns of a buck of the same age as 655 ; 

 963, a still older buck ; C, a & b, horns of a very old buck, the oldest 

 in the lot, except perhaps B ; B, a new horn of a very old buck, or 

 else an abnormal condition of the horns. By the way, there is 

 scarcely a good specimen of horns in the plate, I might kill a dozen 

 bucks, every one of which would have better horns than those in 

 your plate. It cannot be objected to my facts that my pet Antelope 

 was in an artificial condition, and that on account of debility he lost 

 his horns ; for he, on the contrary, was always very large for his 

 size, much larger than the young wild Antelopes. He was so gentle 

 and playful that he was saucy aud troublesome. He always fed 

 within sight of the house, and slept near the house at night. He 

 used to follow the ranch dogs ; and in the night, if they chased 

 Coyotes, he would run after Coyotes also, always ahead of the dogs, 

 for nothing could outrun him. He was the most salacious animal 

 that I have ever seen. When three months old he commenced to leap 

 upon the other pet Antelopes, the dogs, young calves, sheep, goats, 

 and even people sitting down or bent over to pick up anything from 

 the ground ; and as he grew older the more salacious he became. 

 He always raised himself on his hind feet, and thus walked up behind 

 the animal that he wished to leap on ; and without sustaining himself 

 at all by his belly or fore legs he continued walking around, directing 

 the erected penis only by movements of the body poised on the hind 

 feet ; until having introduced the penis, he instantly gave one con- 

 vulsive or spasmodic thrust, at the same instant of the thrust clasping 

 spasmodically the female with the fore legs, which he had before 

 held up in the air without touching her. He would in this way go 

 to anything that was held for him. After he was a year old he would 



