294 
NATURE 
| Feb. 9, 1871 


versity of London, in 1870, in two distinct branches, viz. Mathe- | of Edentata—Sloths, Anteaters, Armadillos. Teeth of Afarsu- 
matics and Physical Optics, this being the first similar instance 
on record. Dr. Hopkinson has also attained the additional dis- 
tinction which so often falls to the lot of Senior Wranglers, that 
of First Smith’s Prize-man. The Second Smith’s Prize has been 
awarded to Mr. Temperley, of Queen’s College, bracketed fourth 
wrangler. It is stated that Dr. Hopkinson, being disqualified 
as a Nonconformist from sharing in the emoluments of the 
University, intends following his father’s profession of engineer. 
THE following are the Council and Officers of the new Anthropo- 
logical Institute of Great Britain and Ireland :—President : Sir John 
Lubbock, Bart., F.R.S.; Vice-Presidents : Prof. Huxley, F.R.S., 
Prof. Busk, F.R.S., Mr. John Evans, F.R.S., Dr. Charnock, 
Dr. Barnard Davis, F.R.S., Mr. George Harris; Director: Mr. C. 
Staniland Wake; Treasurer: Mr. J. W. Flower, F.G.S.; 
Council: H. G. Bohn, Colonel Fox, Dr. Hyde Clarke, W. 
Blackmore, W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., R. Dunn, David Forbes, 
F.R.S., T. M‘K. Hughes, Dr. A. Campbell, S. E. Bouverie 
Pusey, W. C. Dendy, Sir D. Gibb, Bart., Dr. R. King, Capt. 
Bedford Pim, R.N., Rev. D. I. Heath, Dr. J. Beddoe, Dr. 
George Harcourt, Joseph Kaines, F. G. H. Price, and 
C. Robert des Ruffiéres. Secretary: J. F. Collingwood ; 
Sub-editor of Journal: F, W. Rudler. A Special General 
Meeting of the Anthropological Society will be held at 
the rooms, No. 4, St. Martin’s Place, on the r4th Feb- 
ruary, at half-past seven o’clock, for the purpose of author- 
ising the trustees of the Society to transfer its funds and 
effects to the trustees of the ‘‘ Anthropological Institute of Great 
Britain and Ireland,” in pursuance of an agreement for union 
underthat name between the Anthropological and the Ethnological 
Societies of London. On the same evening, at eight o’clock, will 
be held the first ordinary meeting of the Anthropological Insti- 
tute, when Sir John Lubbock, Bart., President, will read a paper 
“On the Development of Relationships.” 
Tue Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society 
will be held to-morrow at three, and that of the Photographic 
Society on Tuesday next at eight. 
THE following lectures on Comparative Anatomy are to be 
delivered in the Theatre of the Royal College of Surgeons on 
Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at four o’clock, commencing 
on Friday, Feb. 17, by W. H. Flower, F.R.S., Hunterian Pro- 
fessor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology. Eighteen 
lectures on the Characters, Structure, Functions, and Modifica- 
tions of the Teeth and Allied Organs in the Mammalia. Essential 
characters and structure of teeth. Development and succession 
of teeth, Classification and nomenclature of teeth—Dental for- 
mulz. Modifications of the characters of the teeth in the different 
groups of the mammalia, Teeth of Man. Teeth of Siiina— 
Old-World Monkeys and New-World Monkeys. Teeth of 
Lemurina, Teeth of terrestral Carnivora—Dogs and allied 
forms ; Cats and allied forms ; Bearsand allied forms. Teeth of 
Pinnipedia-—Sea-Bears and Seals; Walrus. Teeth of Zisectivora 
—Hedgehogs, Moles, Shrews, &c.; Galeopithecus. Teeth of 
Chiroptera—Frugivorous Bats, Insectivorous Bats, Blood-sucking 
Bats. Teeth of Rodzntia—Hares, Guinea Pigs, Porcupines, 
Rats, Squirrels, &c. Teeth of Ce¢acea—-Odontocetes or Toothed 
Whales ; Dolphins, Porpoises, Narwhal, Sperm-whale, Ziphius, 
and allied forms ; Zeuglodonts ; Mystacocetes or Whalebone 
Whales, rudimentary Teeth ; Structure and function of baleen or 
whalebone. Teeth of Ungu/ata—Perissodactyles : ancient and 
modern forms, Palzeotherium, Horse, Rhinoceros, Tapir ; Artio- 
dactyles: Pigs, Hippopotamus, Anoplotheridz, Camels, Chevro- 
tains, and Pecora (Deer, Giraffe, Antelopes, Sheep, Goats, and 
Oxen). Teeth of Hyrax, of Toxodon, of Typotherium, and other 
anomalous forms. Teeth of Proboscidea—Klephant, Mastodoti, 
Dinotherium, Teeth of Sivenia~-Dugong and Manatee. Teeth 

pialia—Opossums, Thylacine, Dasyures, Perameles, Phalangers 
Kangaroos, Wombats; Fossil Marsupials. Value of dental 
characters in drawing inferences as to the affinities and habits of 
extinct animals. Horny teeth of AZonofremata—Ornithorhynchus. 
The lectures are free to all who take an interest in the subject. 
INTELLIGENCE has been received of the death of Dr. F. A. G. 
Miquel, Professor of Botany at the University of Utrecht and 
Director of the Botanic Gardens at Leyden, one of the few re- 
maining distinguished systematic botanists on the Continent, and 
greatly esteemed by all scientific visitors to Holland for his 
generous hospitality and kindly nature. He was the author of 
several monographs, and had written largely on the botany of 
the Netherland-Indies, especially Java and Surinam ; and also 
on that of Japan, which has been much worked out by Dutch 
naturalists ; but will be best known by his magnificent ‘ Annales 
Musei botanici Lugduno-batavi,” in four folio volutnes, with 
splendid illustrations. He was one of the foreign members of 
the Linnean Society of London, 
A STATEMENT having appeared in the G/ode that the M.A.’s 
of the University of London have made a representation to the 
authorities that the examinations for degrees are too stringent, 
and that it is probable that the standard will be lowered ; we are 
authorised to state that the report is entirely incorrect ; no 
such representation has been made, and no proposal for lowering 
the standard of the degrees is under the consideration of the 
Senate of the University. 
IN consequence of a report made to the Senate of the Uni- 
versity of London by the Examiners in Physiology, setting forth 
the insufficiency of the present viva voce examination as a test of 
the practical acquaintance of candidates with histology and 
practical physiology, an important alteration has been made in 
the regulations of the First Bachelor of Medicine Examination, 
The alteration will take effect in the year 1872 and subsequent 
years, and the Registrar has been directed to notify to the various 
medical schools in connection with the University, that the Candi- 
dates for the first Examination in Bachelor of Medicine will be 
required to pass a practical examination in Histology. The 
requisite provision is to be made in the University building for 
carrying out a plan which has been suggested by the Examiners, 
and approved of by the Senate, and of which the following out- 
line is given by the British Aledical Fournal:—The candidates 
are to be examined in convenient batches, placed in a suitable 
room, fitted up with microscopes, glasses, reagents, needles, 
scissors, and razors. Each student is to have placed before him 
afew characteristic mounted specimens, and portions of fresh 
tissue or tissues prepared for minute examination, all numbered 
and carefully selected, and to be given three hours in which to 
examine and report upon the specimens presented to him, as well 
as to mount certain specimens of particular organs or tissues, as 
may be required by the Examiners. In this way, it is felt, the 
possession of mere book-knowledge by the candidate will be at 
once disclosed, and the physiological examination will be made 
a real and satisfactory one, 
A ZooLoGIcAL RECORD ASSOCIATION has been established 
for the purpose of continuing the Aecord of Zoological Literature 
(an annual volume, containing an abstract of, and an index to, all 
that has been done in zoology during the previous year), which 
has been held in such high esteem by working zoologists that for 
some lime past the British Association has been induced to vote an 
annual grant of roo/, in its support. Owing, no doubt, to the 
fact of its utility not being sufficiently known to the public, the 
undertaking has not hitherto proved a financial success. The new 
Association, which includes, we understand, all the leading 
zoologists of the country, hopes to have better luck, and in a few 
days it is expected that its programme will be before the world. 
Mr, Stainton, F.R.S., is the Secretary. 
é 

