KEY TO XVTCUVL ORDERS. ix 



77. Eiiphorbiac/Kt. — Trees, shrubs or herbs with milky juice. Leaves 

 alternate or oiiposite. Flowers unisexual. Perianth various, rarely 

 double. Ovary free, usually 3-celled. Cells with 1-2 suspended ovules 

 in each. Fruit a capsule or drupe. Seeds oily. 



78. Urti'cacece. — Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, usually 

 alternate. iStipules present. Flowers unisexual. Stamens opposite the 

 perianth-segments. Ovary free, usually 1 -celled. Fruit 1-seeded. 



79. Casicarinece. — Trees with jointed branchlets. Leaves reduced to 

 toothed sheaths at the nodes. Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Mole 

 flowers raouandrous. Female flower without a perianth. Fruit a 

 globose head of bracts, valvately opening. 



80. Salicinece. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioj- 

 cious, in lateral catkins. Ovary free, 1 -celled ; ovules indefinite. Seeds 

 uumei'ous, minute, with a tuft of hairs. 



Division 2. GYMNOSPERMS. 



Ovnilos not enclosed in an ovary and fertilised by direct contact 

 with the pollen. Cotyledons oi'teu more than 2, 



81. Gtii'.tacedi. — Climbing shrubs with jointed stems. Leaves opposite, 

 rarely 0. Flowers unisexual, enclosed in sheathing bracts. 



Class IL MONOCOTYLEDONS. 



Pith, wood and bark not distinct. Bundles of fibres scattered in 

 the cellular tissue of the stem. Bark firmly adherent on the outside. 

 Embryo with 1 cotyledon. Eoot fibrous. 



82. Palmce. — Trees or climbers. Leaves pinnately or palmately 

 divided. Perianth 6-leaved. Ovary free of 3 distinct or united carpels. 



83. Oraminece. — Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 

 simple on long split sheaths. Flowers usually bisexual in the axils of 

 the o-lumes. Embi^yo at the base of the farinaceous albumen. 



B 144-6 



